Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors for post-extubation dysphagia
| Â | Dysphagia severity | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | None/mild (n = 75) | Moderate/severe (n = 109) | P value |
Age (years) | 58 ± 14 | 53 ± 15 | 0.07 |
Male | 37 (49) | 56 (51) | 0.79 |
Weight (kg) | 80 ± 19 | 79 ± 20 | 0.80 |
SOFA score (without GCS) | 2 (1-4) | 3 (1-4) | 0.89 |
Neurologic disordera | Â | Â | 0.08 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 40 (53) | 72 (66) | 0.21 |
   Acute hemorrhagic CVA | 20 (27) | 44 (40) | 0.26 |
   Acute thrombotic CVA | 16 (21) | 21 (19) | 0.25 |
   CVA, not classified | 4 (5) | 7 (6) | 0.96 |
Other neuromuscular diseases | 35 (47) | 37 (34) | 0.18 |
   Peripheral neuropathy | 12 (16) | 7 (6) | 0.14 |
   Movement disorders | 7 (9) | 10 (9) | 0.48 |
   Multiple sclerosis | 5 (7) | 2 (2) | 0.20 |
   Other | 11 (15) | 18 (17) | 0.14 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
   Acute myocardial infarction | 16 (21) | 25 (23) | 0.78 |
   Heart failure | 8 (11) | 19 (17) | 0.20 |
   COPD | 14 (19) | 17 (16) | 0.59 |
   Diabetes mellitus | 24 (32) | 43 (39) | 0.30 |
   Obstructive sleep apnea | 26 (35) | 41 (38) | 0.68 |
Endotracheal tube size | Â | Â | 0.22 |
   ≤7.5 (n = 86) | 31 (41) | 55 (50) |  |
   ≥8.0 (n = 98) | 44 (59) | 54 (50) |  |
Intubated in emergency department | 18 (24) | 26 (24) | 0.98 |
Duration from extubation to BSE (days) | 1 (1-2) | 2 (1-3.5) | 0.45 |
Reintubation (before BSE) | 3 (4) | 12 (11) | 0.07 |
Tracheostomy | 6 (8) | 30 (28) | <0.01 |
Ventilator days | 4 (2-8) | 10 (5-16) | <0.01 |
Mechanical ventilator >7 days | 19 (25) | 69 (63) | <0.01 |