Table 1 Demographic profile, clinical characteristic and clinical outcome
From: The urine output definition of acute kidney injury is too liberal
Variable | Cohort (n= 725) | No AKI (n= 203) | AKI (n= 522) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59 ± 18 | 53 ± 17 | 62 ± 17 | <0.0001 |
Gender (male) | 455 (62.7) | 121 (59.6) | 334 (63.9) | 0.27 |
Weight (kg) | 79 ± 19 | 74 ± 18 | 80 ± 19 | <0.0001 |
Height (cm) | 170 ± 10 | 170 ± 10 | 170 ± 11 | 0.87 |
APACHE II score | 18 ± 7 | 16 ± 6 | 19 ± 7 | <0.0001 |
SAPS II | 40 ± 16 | 33 ± 14 | 43 ± 16 | <0.0001 |
Vasopressor usage | 366 (50.5) | 84 (41.4) | 282 (54.0) | 0.002 |
Hypotension (MAP <60 mmHg) | 384 (53.0) | 97 (47.8) | 287 (55.0) | 0.08 |
Diuretic usage | 28 (3.9) | 5 (2.5) | 23 (4.4) | 0.22 |
Baseline plasma creatinine (µmol/l) | 84 (71 to 102) | 78 (69 to 89) | 88 (72 to 107) | <0.0001 |
Baseline creatinine selection criterion | 0.28 | |||
Pre-ICU 7 days to 1 year | 466 (64.3) | 122 (60.1) | 344 (65.9) | |
Final 90-day follow up | 195 (26.9) | 59 (29.1) | 136 (26.1) | |
First ICU admission | 64 (8.8) | 22 (10.8) | 42 (8.0) | |
Primary diagnosis class | 0.01 | |||
Cardiovascular | 70 (9.7) | 12 (5.9) | 58 (11.1) | |
Endocrine/metabolic | 11 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 11 (2.1) | |
Gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary/pancreas | 20 (2.8) | 7 (3.4) | 13 (2.5) | |
Haematology/oncology/immunology | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | |
Infective | 3 (0.4) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
Renal | 11 (1.5) | 2 (1.0) | 9 (1.7) | |
Neurological | 67 (9.2) | 22 (10.8) | 45 (8.6) | |
Respiratory | 145 (20.0) | 48 (23.6) | 97 (18.6) | |
Trauma | 64 (8.8) | 24 (11.8) | 40 (7.7) | |
Postoperative surgical | 259 (35.7) | 61 (30.0) | 198 (37.9) | |
Cardiac surgery | 152 (20.9) | 30 (14.8) | 122 (23.4) | |
Other surgery | 107 (14.8) | 31 (15.3) | 76 (14.6) | |
Sepsis or septic shock | 44 (6.1) | 11 (5.4) | 33 (6.3) | |
Miscellaneous | 29 (4.0) | 13 (6.4) | 16 (3.1) | |
Baseline co-morbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 191 (26.3) | 40 (19.7) | 151 (28.9) | 0.01 |
Cardiac failure | 16 (2.2) | 3 (1.5) | 13 (2.5) | 0.45 |
Ischemic heart disease | 133 (18.3) | 26 (12.8) | 107 (20.5) | 0.02 |
Chronic obstructive airways disease | 54 (7.4) | 12 (5.9) | 42 (8.0) | 0.33 |
Asthma | 59 (8.1) | 23 (11.3) | 36 (6.9) | 0.05 |
Diabetes mellitus | 106 (14.6) | 16 (7.9) | 90 (17.2) | 0.001 |
Kidney disease | 56 (7.7) | 11 (5.4) | 45 (8.6) | 0.15 |
Malignancy | 62 (8.6) | 15 (7.4) | 47 (9.0) | 0.49 |
Connective tissue/inflammatory disease | 142 (19.6) | 45 (22.2) | 97 (18.6) | 0.28 |
Dialysis in the ICU | 41 (5.7) | 0 (0) | 41 (7.9) | <0.0001 |
Hospital mortality | 100 (13.8) | 19 (9.4) | 81 (15.5) | 0.03 |
Mortality at 1 year | 151 (20.8) | 30 (14.8) | 121 (23.2) | 0.01 |
Mechanical ventilation | 562 (77.5) | 159 (78.3) | 449 (86.0) | 0.01 |
Length of MV (hours) | 23 (5 to 83) | 18 (5 to 53) | 25 (5 to 92) | 0.02 |
Length of ICU stay (hours) | 31 (21 to 72) | 45 (31 to 95) | 62 (39 to 148) | 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 11 (6 to 20) | 12 (6 to 22) | 14 (8 to 25) | 0.007 |