Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Gender, n (% men)

24 (80%)

Age (year)

68.0 ±1.71

Body weight (kg)

87.4 ±2.95

Body surface area (m²)

2.0 ±0.04

Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (%)

43 ±3

Diabetes type 2, n (%)

7 (23%)

Hypertension, n (%)

15 (50%)

Preoperative serum creatinine (μmol/L)

86.5 ±3.00

Preoperative Higgins risk score n = 19

3.6 ±0.46

Preoperative treatment:

   Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%)

18 (60%)

   Beta-adrenergic blocker, n (%)

24 (80%)

   Calcium antagonists, n (%)

3 (10%)

Perioperative characteristics

Type of surgery

   Coronary artery bypass surgery, n (%)

12 (40%)

   Valve, n (%)

5 (17%))

   Combined, n (%)

7 (23%)

   Other, n (%)

4 (13%)

   Redo CABG/Valve

2 (7%)

Nonelective^a, n (%)

9 (30%)

Cardiopulmonary bypasstime (min)

145.9 ± 12.65

Aortic cross clamp time (min)

81.8 ± 8.88

Intensive care unit Higgins risk score

9.1 ± 0.93

Postoperative (day 1) serum creatinine (μmol/L)

119.2 ±5.59