A systematic review of tools for predicting severe adverse events following patient discharge from intensive care units

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Study	Year	Country	Follow-up	Type of ICU	# Patients	Age (Mean)	Female (%)	Severity of Illness score (Mean)	Readmission No. (%)^ε	Mortality No. (%)^ζ
Gajic	2008	USA, Netherlands	7 days	Medical-Surgical	2,622	64^µ	46^µ	APACHE III (59)^µ	217 (8.3)	5 (0.4)^µ
Frost	2010	Australia	Hospital discharge	Medical-Surgical	14,952	57	39	APACHE II (13)	896 (6.0)	869 (6.0)
Reini	2012	Sweden	Hospital discharge	Medical-Surgical	518	59	46	SAPS III (55)	13 (3.7)	29 (8.8)
Badawi	2012	USA	48 hours	Mixed^§	704,963	62	46	APACHE IV (47^β)	17,874 (2.5)	6,492 (0.9)
Daly	2001	UK	Hospital discharge	Medical-Surgical	13,924	67-72^γ	36	APACHE II (13)	142 (2.6)^µ	1,158 (8.3)
Fernandez	2006	Spain	Hospital discharge	Medical-Surgical	1,159	60	N/A	APACHE II (20)^†	N/A	111 (9.6)
Fernandez	2010	Spain	Hospital discharge	Medical-Surgical	3,587	61	33	N/A	190 (5.3)	242 (6.7)^α
Ouanes	2012	France	7 days	Medical-Surgical	3,462	61	38	SAPS II (35)	74 (2.1)	28 (0.8)

APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU, Intensive Care unit; N/A, Not Available; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States of America.
ε Readmission to ICU following patient discharge from ICU.
ζ Hospital mortality following patient discharge form ICU.
µ Data from derivation cohort.
§ Mixed ICUs: Medical, Medical-Surgical, Surgical, Trauma, Neurological, Cardiac, Cardiovascular.
β Median value.
γ Range of median ages for the derivation and validation cohorts.
† Point score estimated from predicted risk of death (percentage).
α Sensitivity analyses restricted to unexpected deaths produced the same mortality percentage.

ISSN: 1364-8535