Table 3 Summary of types of sepsis and exclusion criteria.

Kimchi et al.

1984

Not clear, but included ARDS

Aged <18 or >85 years; pregnancy

Dhainaut et al.

1988

-

ARDS

Vincent et al.

1989

Pulmonary and pleura; gastrointestinal; other

HF; MI; recent CPR or cardiac surgery

Vincent et al.

1992

-

-

Jardin et al.

1999

-

Cardiopulmonary disease

McLean et al.

2007

Pulmonary; abdominal; urosepsis; bacteremia; skeletal; skin

Aged <18 years; pregnancy

Cariou et al.

2008

Pneumonia; urosepsis; bacteremia; peritoneal

Suboptimal echo images; none has regional wall motion abnormality

Etchecopar-Chevreuil et al.

2008

Pneumonia; abdominal; urosepsis; skin; other

Other cause of shock; cardiac disease; arrhythmia; moribund status or withhold treatment; leukopenia

Vieillard-Baron et al.

2008

Not clear, but patients had either acute lung injury or ARDS

HF; moribund; did not survive for >48 h

Sturgess et al.

2010

Pulmonary; abdominal; neurologic; fasciitis; catheter-related; mediastinitis

Aged <18 years; valvular disease

Furian et al.

2012

Pulmonary; abdominal; urosepsis

Aged >80 years; HF; liver failure; bone marrow failure; in immunosuppressed state

Landesberg et al.

2012

Pulmonary; gastrointestinal; wound; vascular surgery or limb ischemia; genitourinary; orthopedic; skeletal

Valvular disease; MI

Pulido et al.

2012

-

Aged <18 years; congenital heart disease; valvular disease; coronary heart disease; known abnormality in recent echo

Weng et al.

2012

Pneumonia; bacteremia; peritonitis; other

Aged <18 years; valvular disease; post-thoracic operation; MI; suboptimal echo; moribund