Table 1 Descriptive characteristic of the study groups
Submassive | Massive Pulmonary Embolism | P value | P value | Healthy controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P.Embolism (n= 37) | Total ( n = 37) | Survivors ( n = 19) | Non-survivors ( n = 18) | A | B | ( n = 37) | ||
Demographics | Age | 67 (58-73) | 68 (59-74) | 66 (59-72) | 70 (60-74) | NS | NS | 65 (58-74) |
Female | 26 (70.2) | 26 (70.2) | 12 (63.1) | 14 (77.7) | NS | NS | 24 868.6) | |
Risk factors | Obesity (BMI >30) | 12 (32.4) | 14 (37.8) | 6 (31.5) | 8 (44.4) | NS | NS | |
Immobilization (bed rest) | 6 (16.2) | 8 (21.6) | 3 (15.8) | 5 (27.7) | Ns | NS | ||
Recent major surgery (< 30 d) | 6 (16.2) | 9 (24.3) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (27.7) | NS | NS | ||
Chronic heart failure | 10 (27.0) | 12 (32.4) | 5 (26.3) | 7 (38.9) | NS | NS | ||
COPD/emphysema | 7 (18.9) | 8 (21.6) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (22.2) | NS | NS | ||
Cancer (inactive) | 3 (8.1) | 5 (13.5) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (16.6) | NS | NS | ||
Previous DVT | 6 (16.2) | 7 (18.9) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (16.6) | NS | NS | ||
Concurrent DVT | 10 (27.0) | 14 (37.8) | 6 (31.5) | 8 (44.4) | NS | NS | ||
Unknown | 14 (37.8) | 13 (35.1) | 7 (36.8) | 6 (33.3) | NS | NS | ||
Clinical data | Acute onset of dyspnea | 21 (56.7) | 31 (83.8) | 16 (84.2) | 15 (83.3) | <0.01 | NS | |
Acute chest pain | 9 (24.3) | 13 (35.1) | 6 (31.5) | 7 (38.9) | NS | NS | ||
Preceding syncope | 3 (8.1) | 15 (40.5) | 7 (36.8) | 8 (44.4) | <0.01 | NS | ||
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 119 (113-128) | 74 (68-83) | 75 (69-82) | 73 (67-83) | <0.01 | NS | 125 (118-134) | |
Mean blood pressure, mm Hg | 83 (77-91) | 46 (38-54) | 45 (39-54) | 44 (38-52) | <0.01 | NS | 86 (78-95) | |
PaO2 mm Hg | 93 (90-97) | 67 (64-72) | 68 (64-73) | 66 (63-72) | <0.01 | NS | 95 (91-98) | |
PESI risk class III | 11 (29.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.01 | NS | ||
PESI risk class IV | 20 (70.3) | 16 (43.2) | 9 (56.2) | 7 (43.8) | <0.01 | NS | ||
PESI risk class V | 6 (16.2) | 21 (56.8) | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | <0.01 | <0.05 | ||
Specific treatment | Thrombolysis (within 24 h) | 0 | 20 (54.5) | 11 (57.9) | 9 (50.0) | --- | NS | |
Caval filter implantation | 0 | 2 (4.4) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (5.5) | --- | NS | ||
Complications/outcome | Obstructive shock (within 24 h) | 2 (5.4) | 18 (48.6) | 6 (31.6) | 12 (66.6) | <0.01 | <0.01 | |
Mechanical ventilation | 0 | 10 (27.0) | 4 (21.1) | 6 (33.3) | <0.01 | NS | ||
Major bleeding | 0 | 4 (10.8) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (11.1) | --- | NS | ||
Laboratory values | pH | 7.35 (7.32-7.38) | 7.23 (7.19-7.27) | 7.25 (7.18-7.31) | 7.20 (7.16-7.27) | <0.01 | <0.05 | 7.38 (7.35-7.40) |
Basal lactate (mmol/l) | 2.2 (1.6-2.7) | 5.7 (4.5-7.3) | 4.9 (4.5-6.1) | 6.4 (5.7-7.3) | <0.01 | <0.05 | 1.8 (1.3-2.1) | |
Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 69 (65-73) | 65 (61-73) | 67 (63-73) | 63 (61-67) | <0.01 | NS | 71 (66-75) | |