Figure 1

Anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 improve survival in two-hit fungal sepsis. Mice had sub-lethal cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and three days later had tail vein injection of 60 μl of the 0.3A₆₀₀Candida suspension.(A)Anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody was administered i.p. on days 5, 8 and 11 post-CLP.Fluconazole was administered by i.p. injection daily on days 8 to 12.Survival was recorded for 14 days.Data represent the combined results of four to five individual studies for both anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1.Both anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 improved survival compared to control mice treated with saline diluent (P <0.01).(B) Mice had sub-lethal cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and three days later had tail vein injection of Candida.Anti-CTLA-4 was administered i.p on Day 4 post-CLP. Fluconazole was administered by i.p. injection daily on days 9 to 12.Anti-CTLA-4 improved survival compared to control mice treated with saline diluent (P <0.05).Data represent combined results of three studies. CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1.