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Table 3 Comparison between survivors and non-survivors among patients who underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO).

From: Factors associated with outcomes of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a 5-year cohort study

Variables

Survivors

(n = 66)

Non-survivors

(n = 39)

OR, CI 95%

P

Age (years)

48 (42-58)

55 (44-62.5)

1.03 (1.00-1.06)

0.072

Male

52 (79%)

30 (77%)

0.90 (0.35-2.32)

0.823

APACHE II score (n = 102)

20 (15-25)

23.5 (17.8-28)

1.04 (0.99-1.10)

0.082

Comorbidities

    

   Chronic cardiac failure

39 (59%)

21 (54%)

0.81 (0.36-1.79)

0.6

   Chronic respiratory failure

6 (9%)

3 (8%)

0.83 (0.20-3.54)

0.805

   Immunosuppression

33 (50%)

19 (49%)

0.95 (0.43-2.10)

0.899

ECMO initiated in another hospital

11 (17%)

8 (21%)

1.29 (0.47-3.55)

0.621

Events before ECMO

    

Pre-ECMO ICU days

0 (0-1)

0 (0-2.5)

1.07 (0.97-1.18)

0.165

Pre-MV ICU days

0 (0.0.75)

0 (0-1)

1.13 (0.97-1.31)

0.111

Cardiac arrest before ECMO

12 (18%)

12 (31%)

2.00 (0.79-5.04)

0.141

Subtype of VA ECMO

  

2.40 (1.03-5.60)

0.044

   VA central (n = 43)

32/43(74%)

11/43 (25.5%)

  

   VA peripheral (n = 62)

34/62 (55%)

28/62 (45%)

  

Post-operative ECMO

36 (56%)

18 (46%)

0.71 (0.32-1.58)

0.406

Severity at ECMO initiation

    

SOFA score before ECMO (n = 90)

11 (10-13)

12 (11-14)

1.12 (0.97-1.29)

0.133

PaO2/FiO2 ratio before ECMO (n = 79)

297 (111-355)

279 (140-380)

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

0.955

Plasma lactate day 0 (n = 82) (mmol/l)

5.9 (3-8.4)

8.8 (3.6-13.1)

1.13 (1.02-1.25)

0.014

Other organ support

    

   RRT

34 (51%)

27 (69%)

2.12 (0.92-4.88)

0.078

   Inotropes/vasopressors

60 (91%)

37 (95%)

1.85 (0.35-9.65)

0.465

Days on ECMO

7 (6-10)

8 (3.5-13)

1.05 (0.98-1.13)

0.197

ECMO complications

    

Neurologic complications

0 (0%)

1 (2.6%)

-

-

Bloodstream infections

7 (11%)

7 (17.9%)

2.18 (0.72-6.56)

0.290

Bleeding plus surgery

20 (30%)

14 (36%)

1.29 (0.5- 2.98)

0.554

Number of RBC units

    

   Total

12 (7-20)

15 (7-34)

1.04 (1.01-1.07)

0.008

   Per day on ECMO at the Alfred

2 (0.9-3.1)

2.3 (1.5-4)

1.11 (0.97-1.26)

0.115

Platelets (bag, 350 ml)

3 (1-6.25)

5 (0-12)

1.08 (1.01-1.15)

0.021

FFP (bag, 300 ml)

3.5 (0-8)

9 (2-15.5)

1.11 (1.04-1.18)

0.001

Cryoprecipitate (bag, 150 ml)

0 (0-2)

1 (0-3)

1.34 (1.05-1.71)

0.018

Vascular complications

4 (6%)

4 (10%)

1.77 (0.42-7.53)

0.438

  1. Data presented as n (%) categorical variables and median (interquartile range) for non-parametric variables. APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; MV, mechanical ventilation; PaO2/FiO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction ratio; RRT, renal replacement therapy; RBC, red blood cells; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; ICU, intensive care unit; FFP, fresh frozen plasma.
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