Variables | < 18.50 Number = 196 | 18.50 to 24.99 Number = 1,020 | 25.0 to 29.99 Number = 816 | 30.0 to -39.99 Number = 680 | ≥ 40 Number = 170 | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.1 (19.2) | 62.2 (16.8) | 63.5 (15.9) | 62.2 (14.6) | 58.4 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
Gender, female, number (%) | 82 (41.8) | 390 (38.2) | 316 (38.7) | 334 (49.1) | 102 (60.0) | < 0.001 |
Actual body weight (kg), mean (SD) | 47.3 (7.1) | 63.4 (10.2) | 77.3 (10.1) | 93.4 (14.7) | 128.9 (28.1) | < 0.001 |
Ideal body weight (kg), mean (SD) | 61.7 (10.9) | 62.9 (11.5) | 62.4 (10.7) | 60.4 (12.0) | 58.3 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
Dosing body weight (kg), mean (SD) | 58.1 (9.7) | 63.0 (10.9) | 66.1 (10.4) | 68.6 (12.3) | 75.9 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
Height (cms), mean (SD) | 167.3 (10.6) | 168.8 (11.1) | 167.9 (10.1) | 166.3 (11.5) | 164.5 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 16.8 (1.3) | 22.2 (1.8) | 27.3 (1.4) | 33.6 (2.7) | 47.4 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation, number (%) | 146 (74.5) | 777 (76.2) | 605 (74.1) | 491 (72.2) | 128 (75.3) | 0.48 |
APACHE II, mean (SD) | 25.5 (8.0) | 25.7 (8.1) | 25.6 (8.4) | 25.4 (7.9) | 24.4(7.3) | 0.43 |
Admission physiologic data, mean (SD) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Heart rate (beats/minute) | 120.9 (30.3) | 119.2 (29.4) | 116.7 (29.9) | 119.1 (29.5) | 112.2 (31.0) | 0.02 |
   Respiratory rate (beats/minute) | 29.0 (8.8) | 27.0 (10.2) | 26.6 (10.4) | 26.0 (10.0) | 25.8 (9.1) | 0.005 |
   Temperature (°C) | 37.2 (1.8) | 37.5 (1.7) | 37.7 (1.7) | 37.8 (1.6) | 37.8 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
   Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 53.3 (13.3) | 56.6 (16.5) | 58.0 (19.0) | 60.3 (20.1) | 62.6 (22.2) | < 0.001 |
Co-morbidities, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Immunosuppressive disorder | 56 (28.6) | 300 (29.4) | 213 (26.1) | 188 (27.7) | 32 (18.8) | 0.06 |
   Liver failure | 14 (7.1) | 91 (8.9) | 67 (8.2) | 53 (7.8) | 19 (11.2) | 0.59 |
   New York Heart Association class IV heart failure | 16 (8.2) | 70 (6.9) | 95 (11.6) | 77 (11.3) | 21 (12.4) | 0.002 |
   Severe COPD (requiring medication or oxygen) | 22 (11.2) | 102 (10.0) | 88 (10.8) | 83 (12.2) | 32 (18.8) | 0.02 |
   Chronic renal failurea | 35 (17.9) | 155 (15.2) | 126 (15.4) | 100 (14.7) | 34 (20.0) | 0.43 |
   Chronic renal failure-dialysis dependence | 17 (8.7) | 81 (7.9) | 45 (5.5) | 41 (6.0) | 12 (7.1) | 0.20 |
   Diabetes mellitus (medication dependent) | 10 (5.1) | 127 (12.5) | 141 (17.3) | 159 (23.4) | 45 (26.5) | < 0.001 |
   Diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent) | 11 (5.6) | 76 (7.5) | 82 (10.1) | 80 (11.8) | 35 (20.6) | < 0.001 |
   Alcohol abuse | 29 (14.8) | 162 (15.9) | 107 (13.1) | 76 (11.2) | 15 (8.8) | 0.02 |
   Elective surgery | 28 (14.3) | 160 (15.7) | 159 (19.5) | 130 (19.1) | 25 (14.7) | 0.09 |
   Emergency surgery/trauma | 17 (8.7) | 97 (9.5) | 73 (9.0) | 49 (7.2) | 8 (4.7) | 0.19 |
   No co-morbidity | 58 (29.6) | 285 (27.9) | 227 (27.8) | 170 (25.0) | 38 (22.4) | 0.33 |
   Any co-morbidity | 138 (70.4) | 735 (72.1) | 589 (72.2) | 510 (75.0) | 132 (77.6) |  |
Laboratory findings on day-1, mean (SD) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   White blood count (×109/L) | 16.1 (16.4) | 16.1 (15.3) | 16.5 (16.9) | 17.9 (16.1) | 16.0 (10.6) | 0.20 |
   Creatinine (μmol/L) | 164.3 (148.2) | 195.3 (160.6) | 207.7 (167.9) | 221.7 (165.2) | 242.3 (201.8) | < 0.001 |
   Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 19.4 (6.7) | 19.1 (6.4) | 18.8 (6.4) | 19.0 (6.7) | 20.1 (6.1) | 0.32 |
   Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 33.2 (54.4) | 41.5 (76.3) | 44.1 (92.5) | 41.5 (68.1) | 31.1 (76.0) | 0.29 |
   Platelets (×109/L) | 206.9 (140.5) | 198.4 (156.6) | 185.6 (133.3) | 210.3 (140.6) | 223.5 (132.2) | 0.004 |
   International normalized ratio | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.3) | 0.78 |
Creatinine clearance (mL/minute), mean (SD) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   MDRDb equation | 85.9 (148.2) | 56.5 (49.3) | 48.1 (40.6) | 43.1 (36.0) | 37.1 (27.6) | < 0.001 |
   Cockcroft-Gault equation | 69.6 (98.6) | 49.8 (41.3) | 42.3 (34.3) | 37.9 (29.9) | 33.6 (22.7) | < 0.001 |
Source of infection, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Community acquired infection | 102 (52.0) | 555 (54.4) | 410 (50.3) | 350 (51.5) | 105 (61.8) | 0.06 |
   Nosocomial infection | 94 (48.0) | 465 (45.6) | 406 (49.8) | 330 (48.5) | 65 (38.2) |  |
Bacteremia, Number (%) | 68 (34.7) | 361 (35.4) | 289 (35.4) | 266 (39.1) | 48 (28.2) | 0.10 |
Organ failures on day-1, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Cardiovascular | 196 (100) | 1020 (100) | 816 (100) | 680 (100) | 170 (100) | * |
   Renal | 80 (40.8) | 550 (53.9) | 501 (61.4) | 447 (65.7) | 112 (65.9) | < 0.001 |
   Respiratory | 146 (74.5) | 777 (76.2) | 605 (74.1) | 491 (72.2) | 128 (75.3) | 0.48 |
   Hematologic | 56 (28.6) | 261 (25.6) | 241 (29.5) | 163 (24.0) | 29 (17.1) | 0.006 |
   Metabolic | 110 (56.1) | 551 (54.0) | 441 (54.0) | 367 (54.0) | 91 (53.5) | 1.00 |
   Central nervous system | 47 (24.0) | 289 (28.3) | 210 (25.7) | 168 (24.7) | 45 (26.5) | 0.44 |
   Hepatic | 32 (16.3) | 195 (19.1) | 157 (19.2) | 144 (21.2) | 31 (18.2) | 0.60 |
   Coagulation | 89 (45.4) | 454 (44.5) | 350 (42.9) | 284 (41.8) | 69 (40.6) | 0.70 |
Country, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Canada | 147 (75.0) | 813 (79.7) | 655 (80.3) | 548 (80.6) | 130 (76.5) | 0.15 |
   USA | 28 (14.3) | 101 (9.9) | 90 (11.0) | 75 (11.0) | 28 (16.5) |  |
   Saudi Arabia | 21 (10.7) | 106 (10.4) | 71 (8.7) | 57 (8.4) | 12 (7.1) |  |
Period, number (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤ 1997 | 57 (29.1) | 301 (29.5) | 218 (26.7) | 191 (28.1) | 32 (18.8) | 0.18 |
   1998 to 2000 | 72 (36.7) | 378 (37.1) | 292 (35.8) | 235 (34.6) | 67 (39.4) |  |
   2001 to 2002 | 57 (29.1) | 296 (29.0) | 265 (32.5) | 207 (30.4) | 62 (36.5) |  |
   ≥ 2003 | 10 (5.1) | 45 (4.4) | 41 (5.0) | 47 (6.9) | 9 (5.3) |  |