Table 3 Factors associated with NIV failure on univariate and multivariate analysis

General

Age - yo

63 (48 to 80)

67 (43 to 78)

0.826

Male gender - n (%)

34 (49)

45 (56)

0.392

Admission SAPS 3 Score (points)

59 (50 to 68)

62 (55 to 69)

0.180

SOFA Score on Day 1 (points)

5 (3 to 7)

7 (4 to 8)

< 0.001

SOFA Score excluding respiratory component (points)

3 (1 to 5)

4 (4 to 7)

0.001

SOFA excluding respiratory component ≥ 4 points

34 (48)

65 (80)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.05 to 1.34)

0.009

Charlson Comorbidity Index (points)

   0

21 (30)

25 (31)

Ref

   1 to 2

32 (46)

38 (47)

0.794

   > 2

17 (24)

18 (22)

0.782

Admission diagnoses

0.562

Pneumonia - n (%)

17 (24)

18 (22)

Neurological - n (%)

13 (19)

19 (23)

Non-pulmonary sepsis - n (%)

9 (13)

10 (12)

Asthma/COPD - n (%)

4 (6)

3 (4)

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema - n (%)

5 (7)

7 (9)

Extracranial trauma - n (%)

4 (6)

2 (3)

Hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock - n (%)

5 (7)

5 (6)

Aspirative syndromes - n (%)

4 (7)

3 (4)

Others - n (%)

9 (13)

14 (17)

Respiratory data

Inspiratory pressure first day - cmH₂O

12 (10 to 15)

12 (11 to 15)

0.956

Expiratory pressure first day - cmH₂O

8 (8 to 10)

8 (6 to 10)

0.891

PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio first day

230 (185 to 300)

200 (150 to 300)

0.271

ARDS - n (%)

17 (31)

38 (69)

0.004

2.31 (1.10 to 4.82)

0.026

Length of NIV - days

3 (2 to 4)

1 (0 to 2)

< 0.001

Day of NIV failure

---

1 (0 to 2)

---

Tracheostomy - n (%)

2 (3)

16 (20)

0.007

ICU variables

Vasopressors - n (%)

16 (23)

50 (62)

< 0.001

Cumulative fluid balance ≥ 2 L (72 h) - n (%)

36 (51)

59 (73)

0.007

2.09 (1.02 to 4.30)

0.045

Outcome

ICU mortality - n (%)

7 (10)

38 (47)

< 0.001

Hospital Mortality - n (%)

13 (19)

41 (51)

< 0.001

ICU LOS - days

7 (4 to 8)

13 (7 to 23)

< 0.001

Hospital LOS - days

14 (9 to 26)

21 (13 to 30)

0.071