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Table 1 Characteristics of patients without acute kidney injury (AKI), with transientAKI, and with persistent AKI

From: Diagnostic accuracy of early urinary index changes in differentiating transient frompersistent acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: multicenter cohortstudy

 

No AKI (n= 97)

Transient AKI (n= 54)

Persistent AKI (n= 93)

P valuea

Patient characteristics

    

   Male gender

56 (57.7)

34 (62.9)

66 (71.0)

0.16

   Age (years)

60 (49 to 70)

65 (52 to 74)

67 (56 to 76)

0.02

   Knaus C or D

30 (30.9)

18 (35.3)

31 (36.0)

0.73

   LOD score at admission

4 (2 to 7)

5 (3 to 8)

6 (4 to 9)

0.006

   SAPS II score at admission

41 (31 to 54)

43 (34 to 52)

46 (36 to 59)

0.06

   Baseline plasma creatinine (μmol/l)

55 (45 to 65)

56 (44 to 69)

65 (53 to 89)

0.0006

Risk factors for AKI

    

   Chronic heart failure

11 (11.3)

11 (20.3)

18 (19.4)

0.22

   Chronic kidney diseaseb

2 (2.1)

1 (1.9)

12 (12.9)

0.02

Sepsis

36 (38.7)

32 (60.4)

48 (55.2)

0.02

   Aminoglycosides

6 (6.7)

7 (14.6)

12 (14.0)

0.22

   Ionidated contrast agents

37 (41.1)

11 (22.9)

22 (25.3)

0.03

   Diabetes mellitus

8 (8.3)

15 (27.8)

24 (25.8)

0.002

Reason for ICU admission

    

   Acute respiratory failure

24 (24.7)

17 (31.5)

19 (20.5)

0.32

   Coma

36 (37.1)

8 (14.8)

15 (16.1)

0.0006

   Sepsis/shock

13 (13.4)

19 (35.2)

43 (46.3)

< 0.0001

Treatments

    

   Need for vasoactive drugs

80 (51.6)

25 (46.3)

55 (59.1)

0.29

   Mechanical ventilation

79 (81.4)

30 (55.6)

55 (59.4)

0.0006

   Renal replacement therapy

1 (1.0)

0

13 (14.0)

< 0.0001

   Diuretics

30 (30.9)

17 (31.5)

33 (35.5)

0.78

Renal function at admission

    

   Diuresis (ml/kg/hour)

1.29 (0.69 to 1.99)

1.14 (0.73 to 2.00)

0.79 (0.48 to 1.22)

0.0005

   Plasma urea (mmol/l)

5.9 (4.4 to 8.1)

10.8 (7.3 to 14.9)

14.1 (7.6 to 25.2)

< 0.0001

   Plasma creatinine (μmol/l)

64 (53 to 80)

111 (76 to 170)

139 (95 to 253)

< 0.0001

Urinary indices

    

   FeNa (%)

0.7 (0.2 to 1.7)

0.8 (0.3 to 2.7)

1.1 (0.4 to 2.8)

0.03

   FeUrea (%)

35 (24 to 45)

29 (21 to 39)

29 (21 to 36)

0.03

   U/P urea

23 (14 to 34)

11 (7 to 22)

10 (4 to 19)

< 0.0001

   U/P creatinine

70 (39 to 129)

37 (17 to 98)

38 (17 to 74)

< 0.0001

Outcome

    

   ICU mortality

22 (22.7)

12 (22.2)

21 (22.5)

0.99

   Hospital mortality

25 (25.8)

17 (31.5)

26 (28.0)

0.56

  1. Results reported as median (interquartile range) or n (%). FeNa,fractional excretion of sodium ([U/P sodium]/[U/P creatinine])×100;FeUrea, fractional excretion of urea ([U/P urea]/[U/P creatinine])×100;LOD, Logistic Organ Dysfunction score (can range from 0 to 22); SAPS,Simplified Acute Physiology Score; U/P, urinary/plasma. aP values are for comparisons across the three patient groups.bChronic renal failure was defined as creatinine clearance beforeICU admission < 60 ml/minute. Bold data represent variables that differstatistically across groups of patients.
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