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Table 1 Characteristics, glucose and treatment variables for patients without/withdiabetes mellitus and the total cohort

From: The effect of diabetes mellitus on the association between measures of glycaemiccontrol and ICU mortality: a retrospective cohort study

 

No diabetes

(n= 8,682)

Diabetes

(n= 1,638)

P valueª

Total cohort

(n= 10,320)

Age (years)

65 ± 13

68 ± 10

< 0.001

65 ± 13

Male sex

5804 (67)

1,032 (63)

0.003

6,836 (66)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

27 ± 14

29 ± 5

< 0.001

27 ± 13

APACHE II score on admission

16 (13 to 21)

16 (13 to 20)

0.006

16 (13 to 21)

Maximum SOFA score during admissionb

6 (5 to 8)

6 (5 to 7)

0.09

6 (5 to 8)

ICU stay (hours)

26 (20 to 66)

23 (19 to 49)

< 0.001

25 (20 to 64)

Died in the ICU

622 (7)

73 (5)

< 0.001

695 (7)

Died in the hospital

994 (11)

144 (9)

0.001

1,138 (11)

Medical admissions

2,444 (28)

266 (16)

< 0.001

2,710 (26)

Surgical admissions

6,238 (72)

1,372 (84)

< 0.001

7,610 (74)

   Cardiothoracic surgery patients

4,877 (56)

1,214 (74)

< 0.001

6,091 (59)

APACHE II admission category

    

   Cardiovascular

5,776 (67)

1,338 (82)

< 0.001

7114 (69)

   Sepsis

628 (7)

93 (6)

0.02

721 (7)

   After cardiac arrest

534 (6)

37 (2)

< 0.001

571 (6)

   Gastrointestinal

474 (5)

43 (3)

< 0.001

517 (5)

   Haematological

18 (0)

1 (0)

0.205

19 (0)

   Renal

60 (1)

9 (1)

0.519

69 (1)

   Metabolic

81(1)

14 (1)

0.761

95 (1)

   Neurological

266 (3)

12 (1)

< 0.001

278 (3)

   Respiratory

845 (10)

91 (6)

< 0.001

936 (9)

Glucose values per patient

12 (7 to 27)

14 (11 to 28)

< 0.001

13 (8 to 28)

Overall glucose (mmol/l)

8.0 ± 1.7

8.0 ± 1.6

0.577

8.0 ± 1.6

Morning glucose (mmol/l)

7.6 ± 2.0

7.0 ± 2.0

< 0.001

7.5 ± 2.0

Mean absolute glucose change (mmol/l/hour)

0.6 (0.4 to 0.8)

0.8 (0.6 to 1.0)

< 0.001

0.7 (0.4 to 0.9)

Standard deviation (mmol/l)

1.7 (1.3 to 2.3)

2.1 (1.6 to 2.7)

< 0.001

1.8 (1.4 to 2.4)

Incidence hypoglycaemia ≤ 2.2 mmol/lc

310 (4)

57 (4)

0.856

367 (4)

Incidence glucose value 2.3 to 4.7 mmol/lc

3,715 (43)

901 (55)

< 0.001

4,616 (45)

Use of insulin

6,686 (77)

1,610 (98)

< 0.001

8,296 (80)

Insulin dose (IU/hour)

2.2 (1.7 to 3.1)

2.8 (2.0 to 4.0)

< 0.001

2.3 (1.8 to 3.3)

Use of vasopressor drugs

8,020 (92)

1,551 (95)

0.001

9,571 (93)

Use of corticosteroids

8,561 (99)

1,636 (100)

< 0.001

10,197 (99)

Mechanical ventilationd

8,039 (93)

1,539 (94)

0.050

9,578 (93)

Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration

690 (8)

116 (7)

0.231

806 (8)

  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, n (%) or median(interquartile range). APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation;SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. aBased on Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test (continuous data), or the chi-squaretest (categorical data), comparing patients with and without diabetes.bMaximum score during admission, calculated from the totalindividual scores calculated each ICU day. cPatients who experienced atleast one hypoglycaemia or glucose value between 2.3 and 4.7 mmol/l.dIn the first 24 hours of ICU admission.
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