Study | Sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding | Withdrawal; loss to follow-up | Selective outcome reporting | Free of other bias | Overall risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gainnier 2004 [12] | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | High risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk. of bias | High |
 | Computer-generated random number sequences | Centralized | Nurses aware of assignment; infusion covered by sheet | None | None | None |  |
Forel 2006 [13] | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | High risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk. of bias | High |
 | Computer-generated random number sequences | Centralized | Nurses aware of assignment; infusion covered by sheet | None | None | None |  |
Papazian 2010 [14] | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk of bias | Low risk. of bias | Low |
 | Computer-generated random number sequences | Centralized, using undisclosed block sizes | Blinding of patients, clinicians, evaluators, investigators, analysts | None | None | None |  |