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Table 2 Differential diagnosis of respiratory complications in HIV patients

From: Clinical review: Respiratory failure in HIV-infected patients - a changing picture

Infectious conditions

Non-infectious conditions

Bacterial a

  Streptococcus pneumonia

  Staphylococcus aureus

  Haemophilus influenza

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema

Acute or chronic bronchitis

Bronchiectasis

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Asthma

Fungal b

  Pneumocystis jirovecib

  Cryptococcus neoformansb

  Histoplasma capsulatumb

  Coccidioides immitisb

  Aspergillus

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitisc

Non-specific interstitial pneumonia

Illicit drug-induced lung disease

Medication-induced lung disease

Mycobacterial

  Mycobacterium tuberculosisb

  Mycobacterium kansasiib

  Mycobacterium avium complexb

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia

Sarcoidosis

Foreign body granulomatosis

Virus

  Cytomegalovirusb

  Herpes simplex virus

Parasites

  Toxoplasma gondiib

HIV-related neoplasms

  Kaposi sarcomab

  Non-Hodgkin lymphomab

  Primary effusion lymphomab

  Lung cancerb

  1. aAIDS defining if patient with HIV has two or more episodes of bacterial pneumonia within 12 months. bAIDS defining conditions. cAIDS defining in children aged <13 years and not applicable to adults.