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Table 1 Demography, baseline data and outcome in 571 consecutive STEMI patients treated with primary PCI

From: Acute myocardial infarction is associated with endothelial glycocalyx and cell damage and a parallel increase in circulating catecholamines

  

All patients

Adrenaline Q1

Adrenaline Q2

Adrenaline Q3

Adrenaline Q4

P-value

  

Number = 571

Number = 143

Number = 143

Number = 142

Number = 143

 

Demography and cardiovascular risk factors

Age

years

63 (55-72)

64 (54-74)

64 (55-73)

62 (56-70)

64 (57-71)

NS

Male gender

n (%)

419 (73%)

103 (72%)

97 (68%)

112 (79%)

107 (75%)

0.192

Hypertension

n (%)

197 (35%)

51 (36%)

49 (34%)

51 (36%)

46 (32%)

NS

Diabetes

n (%)

55 (10%)

17 (12%)

13 (9%)

14 (10%)

11 (8%)

NS

Current smoker

n (%)

285 (50%)

70 (49%)

77 (54%)

70 (49%)

68 (48%)

NS

Previous MI

n (%)

33 (6%)

10 (7%)

8 (6%)

6 (6%)

4 (4%)

NS

BMI

kg/m2

26 (24-29)

26 (23-30)

26 (23-28)

26 (24-30)

26 (24-29)

NS

Pre-and in-hospital symptoms

Symptom-to-balloon time

min

200 (134-330)

195 (137-325)

225 (133-375)

205 (131-360)

180 (120-299)

0.172

Door-to-balloon time

min

60 (31-110)

50 (30-101)

70 (32-120)

63 (36-110)

60 (31-103)

NS

Clinical presentation

       

Shock prior to pPCI

n (%)

51 (11%)

7 (6%)

9 (8%)

13 (12%)

22 (18%)

0.016 a

Systolic BP

mmHg

135 (115-150)

131 (115-150)

135 (116-150)

138 (119-150)

130 (110-150)

NS

Diastolic BP

mmHg

80 (70-90)

80 (70-90)

80 (70-90)

80 (70-90)

80 (70-90)

NS

Left ventricular ejection fraction

%

40 (30-50)

40 (30-50)

40 (30-50)

40 (30-50)

35 (25-45)

NS

eGFR at admission

ml/min

73 (60-88)

76 (64-89)

74 (56-88)

74 (62-88)

70 (54-85)

0.052

Hematology and biomarkers of myocardial necrosis and inflammation

Hemoglobin

mmol/L

8.7 (8.1-9.3)

8.7 (8.1-9.2)

8.8 (8.2-9.3)

8.7 (8.1-9.3)

8.7 (8.2-9.2)

NS

Platelet count

x 109/L

282 (234-333)

280 (242-346)

292 (241-345)

284 (233-317)

271 (227-332)

NS

Leukocyte count

x 109/L

12.2 (9.8-15.1)

11.6 (9.3-14.5)

12.3 (10.1-15.3)

12.5 (10.4-14.9)

12.4 (9.9-15.5)

NS

Neutrophil count

x 109/L

9.2 (6.8-11.8)

8.8 (6.7-11.3)

8.9 (7.2-11.6)

9.5 (7.2-12.2)

9.3 (6.3-12.2)

NS

Peak Troponin I

µg/L

90 (28-244)

98 (24-242)

116 (33-261)

60 (21-213)

95 (38-255)

NS

CRP

mg/L

3 (1-9)

4 (1-11)

3 (2-9)

3 (1-7)

3 (2-10)

NS

Sympathoadrenal activation and endothelial damage

Adrenaline

pg/ml

59 (25-145)

13 (10-20)

37 (29-50)

83 (73-94)

283 (213-501)

<0.0001 abcdef

Noradrenaline

pg/ml

191 (90-454)

117 (57-236)

150 (78-294)

214 (108-498)

441 (229-1,180)

<0.0001 abdef

Syndecan-1

ng/ml

92 (52-165)

84 (46-156)

81 (47-162)

95 (55-168)

101 (52-169)

NS

Soluble thrombomodulin

ng/ml

2.2 (1.6-3.1)

2.1 (1.6-3.1)

2.3 (1.7-3.2)

2 (1.5-2.8)

2.2 (1.7-3.2)

0.040

Infarction type

Lesion type

A

83 (15%)

18 (13%)

23 (16%)

27 (19%)

15 (10%)

0.194

 

B

209 (37%)

52 (36%)

56 (39%)

54 (38%)

47 (33%)

 
 

C

278 (49%)

73 (51%)

63 (44%)

61 (43%)

81 (57%)

 

Infarct related artery

LAD

262 (46%)

62 (43%)

66 (46%)

60 (42%)

74 (52%)

0.092

 

RCA

246 (43%)

62 (43%)

54 (38%)

69 (49%)

61 (43%)

 
 

Cx

58 (10%)

19 (13%)

20 (14%)

13 (9%)

6 (4%)

 
 

LM

3 1%)

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

2 (1%)

 
 

Graft

1 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

 

Complex lesion

n (%)

278 (49%)

73 (51%)

63 (44%)

61 (43%)

81 (57%)

0.071

Multivessel disease

n (%)

160 (28%)

47 (33%)

35 (24%)

37 (26%)

41 (29%)

NS

Clinical outcome

ICU admission after pPCI

n (%)

30 (6%)

8 (7%)

5 (4%)

8 (7%)

9 (7%)

NS

Follow-up time

months

28 (23-34)

-

-

-

-

 

All-cause mortality

n (%)

78 (14%)

14 (10%)

23 (16%)

10 (7%)

31 (22%)

0.001 af

CV mortality

n (%)

37 (7%)

3 (2%)

10 (7%)

6 (4%)

18 (13%)

0.002 a

Re-MI

n (%)

46 (8%)

14 (10%)

10 (7%)

11 (8%)

11 (8%)

NS

Admission due to heart failure

n (%)

65 (11%)

9 (6%)

21 (15%)

12 (8%)

23 (16%)

0.023

  1. Data from all patients and patients stratified according to adrenaline quartiles are displayed. Data are presented as medians (IQR) or number (%), with P-values shown for variables with P <0.2, and in bold for P <0.05. Adrenaline quartiles (Q1 to Q4) were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square/Fischer exact tests, as appropriate, and by Bonferroni corrected Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Chi-square/Fisher exact post-hoc tests. Significant post-hoc test difference (P <0.05) between: aQ1 and Q4, bQ1 and Q3, cQ1 and Q2, dQ2 and Q4, eQ2 and Q3, fQ3 and Q4.
  2. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; CV, cardiovascular; Cx, circumflex; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LAD, left anterior descending; LM, left main; MI, myocardial infarction; n, number; NS, non-significant; PCI, primary coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction.