All patients | Adrenaline Q1 | Adrenaline Q2 | Adrenaline Q3 | Adrenaline Q4 | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number = 571 | Number = 143 | Number = 143 | Number = 142 | Number = 143 | |||
Demography and cardiovascular risk factors | |||||||
Age | years | 63 (55-72) | 64 (54-74) | 64 (55-73) | 62 (56-70) | 64 (57-71) | NS |
Male gender | n (%) | 419 (73%) | 103 (72%) | 97 (68%) | 112 (79%) | 107 (75%) | 0.192 |
Hypertension | n (%) | 197 (35%) | 51 (36%) | 49 (34%) | 51 (36%) | 46 (32%) | NS |
Diabetes | n (%) | 55 (10%) | 17 (12%) | 13 (9%) | 14 (10%) | 11 (8%) | NS |
Current smoker | n (%) | 285 (50%) | 70 (49%) | 77 (54%) | 70 (49%) | 68 (48%) | NS |
Previous MI | n (%) | 33 (6%) | 10 (7%) | 8 (6%) | 6 (6%) | 4 (4%) | NS |
BMI | kg/m2 | 26 (24-29) | 26 (23-30) | 26 (23-28) | 26 (24-30) | 26 (24-29) | NS |
Pre-and in-hospital symptoms | |||||||
Symptom-to-balloon time | min | 200 (134-330) | 195 (137-325) | 225 (133-375) | 205 (131-360) | 180 (120-299) | 0.172 |
Door-to-balloon time | min | 60 (31-110) | 50 (30-101) | 70 (32-120) | 63 (36-110) | 60 (31-103) | NS |
Clinical presentation | |||||||
Shock prior to pPCI | n (%) | 51 (11%) | 7 (6%) | 9 (8%) | 13 (12%) | 22 (18%) | 0.016 a |
Systolic BP | mmHg | 135 (115-150) | 131 (115-150) | 135 (116-150) | 138 (119-150) | 130 (110-150) | NS |
Diastolic BP | mmHg | 80 (70-90) | 80 (70-90) | 80 (70-90) | 80 (70-90) | 80 (70-90) | NS |
Left ventricular ejection fraction | % | 40 (30-50) | 40 (30-50) | 40 (30-50) | 40 (30-50) | 35 (25-45) | NS |
eGFR at admission | ml/min | 73 (60-88) | 76 (64-89) | 74 (56-88) | 74 (62-88) | 70 (54-85) | 0.052 |
Hematology and biomarkers of myocardial necrosis and inflammation | |||||||
Hemoglobin | mmol/L | 8.7 (8.1-9.3) | 8.7 (8.1-9.2) | 8.8 (8.2-9.3) | 8.7 (8.1-9.3) | 8.7 (8.2-9.2) | NS |
Platelet count | x 109/L | 282 (234-333) | 280 (242-346) | 292 (241-345) | 284 (233-317) | 271 (227-332) | NS |
Leukocyte count | x 109/L | 12.2 (9.8-15.1) | 11.6 (9.3-14.5) | 12.3 (10.1-15.3) | 12.5 (10.4-14.9) | 12.4 (9.9-15.5) | NS |
Neutrophil count | x 109/L | 9.2 (6.8-11.8) | 8.8 (6.7-11.3) | 8.9 (7.2-11.6) | 9.5 (7.2-12.2) | 9.3 (6.3-12.2) | NS |
Peak Troponin I | µg/L | 90 (28-244) | 98 (24-242) | 116 (33-261) | 60 (21-213) | 95 (38-255) | NS |
CRP | mg/L | 3 (1-9) | 4 (1-11) | 3 (2-9) | 3 (1-7) | 3 (2-10) | NS |
Sympathoadrenal activation and endothelial damage | |||||||
Adrenaline | pg/ml | 59 (25-145) | 13 (10-20) | 37 (29-50) | 83 (73-94) | 283 (213-501) | <0.0001 abcdef |
Noradrenaline | pg/ml | 191 (90-454) | 117 (57-236) | 150 (78-294) | 214 (108-498) | 441 (229-1,180) | <0.0001 abdef |
Syndecan-1 | ng/ml | 92 (52-165) | 84 (46-156) | 81 (47-162) | 95 (55-168) | 101 (52-169) | NS |
Soluble thrombomodulin | ng/ml | 2.2 (1.6-3.1) | 2.1 (1.6-3.1) | 2.3 (1.7-3.2) | 2 (1.5-2.8) | 2.2 (1.7-3.2) | 0.040 |
Infarction type | |||||||
Lesion type | A | 83 (15%) | 18 (13%) | 23 (16%) | 27 (19%) | 15 (10%) | 0.194 |
B | 209 (37%) | 52 (36%) | 56 (39%) | 54 (38%) | 47 (33%) | ||
C | 278 (49%) | 73 (51%) | 63 (44%) | 61 (43%) | 81 (57%) | ||
Infarct related artery | LAD | 262 (46%) | 62 (43%) | 66 (46%) | 60 (42%) | 74 (52%) | 0.092 |
RCA | 246 (43%) | 62 (43%) | 54 (38%) | 69 (49%) | 61 (43%) | ||
Cx | 58 (10%) | 19 (13%) | 20 (14%) | 13 (9%) | 6 (4%) | ||
LM | 3 1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | ||
Graft | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | ||
Complex lesion | n (%) | 278 (49%) | 73 (51%) | 63 (44%) | 61 (43%) | 81 (57%) | 0.071 |
Multivessel disease | n (%) | 160 (28%) | 47 (33%) | 35 (24%) | 37 (26%) | 41 (29%) | NS |
Clinical outcome | |||||||
ICU admission after pPCI | n (%) | 30 (6%) | 8 (7%) | 5 (4%) | 8 (7%) | 9 (7%) | NS |
Follow-up time | months | 28 (23-34) | - | - | - | - | |
All-cause mortality | n (%) | 78 (14%) | 14 (10%) | 23 (16%) | 10 (7%) | 31 (22%) | 0.001 af |
CV mortality | n (%) | 37 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 10 (7%) | 6 (4%) | 18 (13%) | 0.002 a |
Re-MI | n (%) | 46 (8%) | 14 (10%) | 10 (7%) | 11 (8%) | 11 (8%) | NS |
Admission due to heart failure | n (%) | 65 (11%) | 9 (6%) | 21 (15%) | 12 (8%) | 23 (16%) | 0.023 |