Table 2 AKI patient characteristics by outcome.
From: Fluid balance and urine volume are independent predictors of mortality in acute kidney injury
| Â | All AKI (number = 132) | Survivors (number = 66) | Non-Survivors (number = 66) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male gender | 84 (63.6%) | 43 (34.8%) | 41 (62.1%) | 0.86 |
Age (years) | 66.3 ± 14.1 68.5 (38 to 57.5) | 63.1 ± 15.6 64 (52.8 to 76) | 69.5 ± 11.7 74 (61 to 78.3) | 0.015 |
ICU Admission | ||||
SAPS II | 50.0 ± 14.5 48 (38 to 57.5) | 46.3 ± 13.5 42 (37 to 52.8) | 53.7 ±14.6 51.5 (43.8 to 61.3) | 0.001 |
SOFA | 8.0 ± 4.1 7 (5 to 11) | 6.8 ± 3.6 7 (4 to 9.3) | 9.2 ± 4.3 8.5 (6 to 12) | 0.002 |
Non-renal SOFA | 6.6 ± 3.5 6 (4 to 9) | 5.4 ± 2.9 5 (3 to 7) | 7.8 ± 3.6 7 (5 to 11) | <0.001 |
APACHE II | 22.3 ± 8.4 21 (16 to 28) | 20.3 ± 7.7 19 (15 to 25.3) | 24.4 ± 8.6 24 (16.8 to 31) | 0.006 |
Vasoactive therapy | 56 (42.4%) | 21 (31.8%) | 35 (53.0%) | 0.022 |
Mechanical ventilation | 96 (72.7%) | 44 (66.7%) | 52 (78.8%) | 0.17 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.3 ± 2.0 1.45 (0.9 to 3.2) | 2.3 ± 2.0 1.4 (0.9 to 3.1) | 2.4 ± 2.1 1.5 (0.8 to 3.3) | 0.99 |
Comorbid diseases | ||||
Diabetes | 41 (31.1%) | 20 (30.3%) | 21 (31.8%) | 1 |
Cardiovascular | 66 (50.0%) | 31 (47.0%) | 35 (53.0%) | 0.60 |
Hypertension | 67 (50.8%) | 29 (43.9%) | 38 (57.6%) | 0.16 |
Chronic kidney disease | 19 (14.4%) | 10 (15.2%) | 9 (13.6%) | 1 |
Metastatic carcinoma | 4 (3.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.62 |
Hematologic malignancy | 6 (4.5%) | 2 (3.0%) | 4 (6.1%) | 0.68 |
Category of ICU admission diagnosis | ||||
Respiratory | 44 (33.3%) | 20 (30.3%) | 24 (36.4%) | 0.58 |
Neurologic | 15 (11.4%) | 9 (13.6%) | 6 (9.1%) | 0.59 |
Trauma | 8 (6.1%) | 5 (7.6%) | 3 (4.5%) | 0.72 |
Cardiovascular | 25 (18.9%) | 12 (18.2%) | 13 (19.7%) | 1 |
Sepsis | 15 (11.4%) | 6 (9.1%) | 9 (13.6%) | 0.59 |
ICU course | ||||
Sepsis | 61 (46.2%) | 23 (34.8%) | 38 (57.6%) | 0.014 |
Early AKI (%) | 83 (62.9%) | 39 (59.1%) | 44 (66.7%) | 0.47 |
Mean fluid balance/24hours (L) | 0.74 ± 1.16 0.48 (0.02 to 1.26) | 0.17 ± 0.72 0.02 (-0.17 to 0.48) | 1.31 ± 1.24 1.09 (0.49 to 1.85) | <0.001 |
Oliguria | 91 (68.9%) | 36 (54.5%) | 55 (83.3%) | 0.001 |
Duration of oliguria (days) | 2.8 ± 5.9 1 (0 to 3) | 1.6 ± 4.0 1 (0 to 1) | 4.0 ± 7.2 2 (1 to 4) | <0.001 |
% of ICU days with oliguria | 24.6 ± 30.8% 11.9% (0 to 37.1%) | 13.6 ± 21.9% 2.8% (0 to 20.7%) | 35.5 ± 34.5 25% (6.7 to 62.0%) | <0.001 |
Mean urine volume/24hour(L) | 1.81 ± 1.08 1.88 (0.87 to 2.73) | 2.35 ± 0.98 2.49 (1.61 to 3.12) | 1.28 ± 0.90 1.22 (0.55 to 1.96) | <0.001 |
Use of diuretics (%) | 102 (77.3%) | 55 (83.3%) | 47 (71.2%) | 0.15 |
Duration of diuretic use (days) | 8.3 ± 11.3 4 (1 to 10.8) | 10.3 ± 13.5 4.5 (1 to 13) | 6.4 ± 8.3 3 (0 to 10) | 0.11 |
% of ICU days receiving diuretics | 51.0 ± 37.6 51.9% (8.7 to 87.5%) | 56.2 ± 36.7% 55.6% (20 to 93.0%) | 45.9 ± 38.1% 46.9% (0 to 82.6%) | 0.11 |
Outcomes | ||||
RRT | 67 (50.8%) | 31 (47.0%) | 36 (54.5%) | 0.49 |
Duration of RRT (days)(% of ICU days) | 3.2 ± 6.9 1 (1 to 3) | 2.2 ± 4.3 0 (0 to 3) | 4.1 ± 8.7 1.5 (0 to 5) | 0.14 |
% of ICU days on RRT | 23.3 ± 31.3% 3.9% (0 to 45.2%) | 15.4 ± 24.1% 0% (0 to 21.6%) | 31.1 ± 35.6% 6.7% (0 to 66.7%) | 0.03 |
RRT free days | 12.1 ± 13.9 8 (3 to 16.8) | 15.1 ±17.1 9 (3 to 23.3) | 9.1 ± 8.8 6.5 (2.8 to 13) | 0.06 |
Length of ICU stay (days) | 15.3 ± 16.3 10 (5 to 20) | 17.4 ± 18.7 11.5 (5 to 24) | 13.2 ±13.2 9 (4 to 19.3) | 0.45 |