Randomized controlled trial | ||||||||
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Author, year | n | Intervention | Location | Primary patient population | High-quality RCT?a | Primary outcome | Secondary outcome | Commentsb |
Determann, 2010 | 150 | VT 6 ml/kg PBW vs. 10 ml/kg PBW | Medical/surgical ICU | Cardiac arrest, neurologic disease | YES | Cytokine levels in BAL and plasma | Development of ARDS | Could be randomized up to 36 hours after mechanical ventilation |
Observational studies | Â | |||||||
Cohort studies | Â | |||||||
Author, year | n | Study design | Location | Primary patient diagnoses | High quality c | Primary outcome | Secondary outcomes | Comments |
Gajic, 2004 | 332 | Retrospective | Medical/surgical ICUs | Shock, sepsis | NO | Development of ARDS | Hospital mortality, ventilator-free days | Excluded patients ventilated <48 hours |
Gajic, 2005 | 3,261 | Retrospective | Multicenter registry of medical/surgical ICUs | Postoperative, coma, pneumonia | NO | Development of ARDS | None mentioned | Excluded patients ventilated <48 hours |
Kahn, 2006 | 620 | Retrospective | Neuro ICU | Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage | NO | Development of ARDS | Incidence of lung-protective ventilation | Tidal volume obtained from author contact. |
Mascia, 2007 | 82 | Prospective | Four European ICUs | Severe traumatic brain injury | NO | Development of ARDS | ICU LOS, VF days, ICU mortality | Excluded patients with ARDS <24 hours from admission |
Yilmaz, 2007 | 375 | Prospective, before-after | Medical/surgical ICU | Sepsis, pneumonia | NO | Development of ARDS | Hospital mortality, duration of ventilation, ICU LOS, VF days | Excluded patients ventilated <48 hours |
Plurad, 2007 | 2,346 | Retrospective | Surgical ICU | Trauma | NO | Development of late ARDS | Not mentioned | Defined late ARDS as >48 hours after admission |
Iscimen, 2008 | 160 | Prospective | Medical ICU | Septic shock | NO | Development of ARDS | Hospital mortality, hospital length of stay | Â |
Jia, 2008 | 789 | Retrospective | Medical/surgical/cardiac ICUs | Unclear | NO | Development of ARDS | Not mentioned | Excluded patients ventilated <48 hours. 341 patients had data missing on VT/PBW |
Pasero, 2008 | 200 | Prospective | Cardiac ICU | Patient status after cardiopulmonary bypass | NO | Development of ARDS | Not mentioned | Abstract only |
Hughes, 2010 | 89 | Retrospective | OR | Abdominal, orthopedic, vascular surgery within 24 hours of ICU admit | NO | Development of ARDS | Not mentioned | Assessed outcomes for 7 days. Excluded many risks for ARDS development |
Blum, 2011 | 53910 | Retrospective | OR: all noncardiothoracic and nontransplant procedures | ASA I, II | NO | Development of ARDS | Not mentioned | Abstract only |
Case-control study | ||||||||
Author, year | n | Study design | Location | Primary patient diagnoses | High quality | Primary outcome | Secondary outcomes | Comments |
Fernandez-Perez, 2009 | 4,420 | Prospective, nested | OR with general anesthesia for ≥3 hours | Elective operations | NO | Postoperative respiratory failure due to ARDS | Length of stay, 60-day survival, 1-year survival | Excluded patients with "prevalent" risk factors for ARDS. 1st hour ventilator variables were primary predictor variable |