Table 1 Summary of included studies
Study year | Country | Setting | SIRS patients | Control patients | Mean age (year) | Assay method | Optimal timing | Cut-off (pg/ml) | Sensitivity/ specificity (%) | AUC | Sepsis prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 studies | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Giamarellos 2008 [21] | Greece | ICU | 79 trauma patients with all criteria: (a) older than 18 years; (b) ISS greater than 25; (c) signs of SIRS | 10 trauma patients with ISS greater than 25 but without SIRS | 51.8 ± 20.6 | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | on admission | 40 | 56.5/91.7 | 0.708 | 62 |
Soud 2011 [16] | Egypt | Surgical ED | 80 trauma patients with SIRS | 10 trauma patients with ISS greater than 25 but without SIRS | 30.5 | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | Not reported | 254 | 94.7/91.8 | Not reported | 27 |
Group 2 studies | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Barati 2010 [19] | Iran | medical and surgical ICUs | 132 patients with SIRS | 37 patients without SIRS | Not reported | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | on admission | 725 | 70/60 | 0.65 | 55 |
Gamez 2011 [17] | Colombia | ED | 631 patients older than 18 years with any of the items: 1) suspected infection, 2) fever, 3) delirium, or 4) acute hypotension of unexplained origin within 24 hours of ED presentation | No | 51 (36 to 68) †| ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | within 24 hours after admission | 135 | 60/59.2 | 0.614 | 66 |
Gibot 2004 [9] | France | medical ICU | 76 patients with clinically suspected infection and SIRS | No | 60 ± 15 | ELISA (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) | within 12 hours after admission | 60 | 96/89 | 0.97 | 62 |
Gibot 2012 [25] | France | ICU | 228 patients with clinically suspected infection | No | Not reported | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | within 12 hours after admission | 755 | 54.2/86.6 | 0.73 | 67 |
Kofoed 2007 [22] | Denmark | medical ED | 151 patients with suspected community-acquired infections and SIRS | No | 56 (20 to 94) †| Luminex multiplex assay (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX) | on admission | 3500 | 82/40 | 0.61 | 64 |
Latour 2010 [18] | Spain | two general ICU | 114 patients older than 18 years with SIRS | No | Not reported | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | within 24 hours after admission | 463.2 | 49/79 | 0.62 | 63 |
Li 2012 [24] | China | surgical ICU | 52 patients with clinically suspected infection and SIRS | No | 55.7 | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | within 12 hours after admission | 73.57 | 79/79 | 0.820 | 73 |
Rivera 2009 [20] | USA | surgical ICU | 108 patients with clinically suspected infection and SIRS | 15 trauma patients with ISS greater than 25 but without SIRS | 35 | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | within 12-36 hours after admission | 230 | 98/91 | 0.97 | 60 |
Su 2012 [23] | China | respiratory, surgical and emergency ICUs | 144 older than 18 years with new fever and SIRS | No | 54.5 | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) | within 24 hours after admission | 108.9 | 83/81 | 0.868 | 58 |