Table 1 Patient characteristics of the study participants

Year

< 0.001

   2005, n (%)

89

(20.7)

48

(37.8)

41

(13.5)

   2006, n (%)

74

(17.2)

30

(23.6)

44

(14.5)

   2007, n (%)

90

(20.9)

26

(20.5)

64

(21.1)

   2008, n (%)

92

(21.4)

15

(11.8)

77

(25.4)

   2009, n (%)

85

(19.8)

8

(6.3)

77

(25.4)

Age, mean (SD)

12.8

(4.2)

13.3

(3.7)

12.6

(4.4)

0.08

   Children (1 to 11 years old), n (%)

119

(27.7)

35

(27.6)

84

(27.7)

0.97

   Adolescents (12 to 17 years old), n (%)

311

(72.3)

92

(72.4)

219

(72.3)

Boys, n (%)

293

(68.1)

84

(66.1)

209

(69.0)

0.56

Witnessed by laypersons, n (%)

287

(66.7)

87

(68.5)

200

(66.0)

0.62

Type of bystander-initiated CPR^a

0.05

   No-CPR, n (%)

193

(45.2)

63

(50.0)

130

(43.2)

   Compression-only CPR, n (%)

97

(22.7)

19

(15.1)

78

(25.9)

   Conventional CPR, n (%)

137

(32.1)

44

(34.9)

93

(30.9)

Call to CPR by EMS, minutes, mean (SD)^b

8.9

(5.3)

8.8

(5.3)

9.0

(5.4)

0.34

   0 to 6 minutes, n (%)

137

(32.0)

46

(36.5)

91

(30.1)

   7 to 12 minutes, n (%)

236

(55.1)

67

(53.2)

169

(56.0)

   13 to 18 min, n (%)

55

(12.8)

13

(10.4)

42

(13.9)

CPR by EMS to hospital arrival, minutes, mean (SD)

21.3

(10.5)

21.6

(10.6)

21.1

(10.4)

0.66

Type of origin

0.72

   Cardiac, n (%)

272

(63.3)

82

(64.6)

190

(62.7)

   Noncardiac, n (%)

158

(36.7)

45

(35.4)

113

(37.3)

   External causes, n (%)

92

(21.4)

24

(18.9)

68

(22.4)

   Respiratory diseases, n (%)

10

(2.3)

4

(3.1)

6

(2.0)

   Cerebrovascular diseases, n (%)

7

(1.6)

2

(1.6)

5

(1.7)

   Others, n (%)

49

(11.4)

15

(11.8)

34

(11.2)

CPR guidelines

< 0.001

   2000 Guideline based, n (%)

146

(34.0)

74

(58.3)

72

(23.8)

   2005 Guideline based, n (%)

284

(66.0)

53

(41.7)

231

(76.2)

Number of shocks administered to patients who had ROSC before hospital arrival

   Median (25% to 75%)

1

(1-2)

1

(1-2)

1

(1-2)

0.76