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Table 3 Multivariate analysis to estimate independent prognostic effect of ICU acquired CDI in ICU patients (n = 5,260)

From: Outcome of ICU patients with Clostridium difficile infection

Parameter

CSHRDeath (95%CI) P

CSHRDischarge (95%CI) P

Fixed variables at admission

  

Symptom of septic shock

0.813 (0.68 to 9.77) P = 0.02

0.82 (0.73 to 0.92) P = 0.0005

Symptom of acute respiratory failure

0.898 (0.77 to 1.04) P = 0.16

0.61 (0.57 to 0.66) P < .0001

Presence of at least one chronic disease

1.04 (0.92 to 1.19) P = 0.5

0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) P = 0.005

McCabe: death expected within five years

1.57 (1.37 to 1.79) P < .0001

0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) P = 0.001

Fixed variables in the first 48 hours

  

Urinary bladder catheter

0.506 (0.41 to 0.63) P <.0001

0.68 (0.62 to 0.74) P < .0001

Vasopressors

1.317 (1.13 to 1.54) P = 0.0006

0.80 (0.73 to 0.87) P < .0001

Central catheter

0.944 (0.81 to 1.10) P = 0.5

0.65 (0.60 to 0.70) P < .0001

Mechanical ventilation

1.037 (0.86 to 1.25) P = 0.7

0.70 (0.65 to 0.76) P < .0001

DNR order

3.146 (2.72 to 3.64) P < .0001

0.56 (0.47 to 0.66) P < .0001

SAPS II : ≤ 36 pts

1; P < .0001

1; P < .0001

   37 to 45

1.90 (1.48 to 2.44)

0.81 (0.74 to 0.88)

   46 to 59

2.926 (2.30 to 3.72)

0.74 (0.68 to 0.82)

   ≥ 60

7.715 (6.09 to 9.77)

0.48 (0.42 to 0.55)

Time dependant variables

  

CRBSI

1.67 (1.12 to 2.48) P = 0.01

0.97 (0.67 to 1.41) P = 0.9

Other BSI

1.08 (0.87 to 1.35) P = 0.5

0.45 (0.39 to 0.54) P < .0001

VAP without BSI

1.00 (0.82 to 1.22) P = 1

0.47 (0.41 to 0.54) P < .0001

Deep and organ/space surgical site infection without BSI

0.79 (0.38 to 1.65) P = 0.5

0.76 (0.53 to 1.09) P = 0.14

Pneumothorax

1.03 (0.73 to 1.47) P = 0.9

0.47 (0.35 to 0.64) P < .0001

Gastrointestinal bleeding

1.82 (1.27 to 2.61) P = 0.001

0.79 (0.54 to 1.14) P = 0.21

Severe hypernatremia

1.67 (1.37 to 2.04) P < .0001

0.81 (0.70 to 0.94) P = 0.005

CDI

0.71 (0.38 to 1.35) P = 0.3

0.74 (0.52 to 1.06) P = 0.097

  1. BSI, Blood Stream Infection; CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; CRBSI, Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection; CSHR (95% CI), Cause Specific Hazard Ratio and 95% confidence interval; DNR, Do Not Resuscitate; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiological Score. Other variables that were tested but not retained in the model were the following, at admission, age, sex, category of admission, AVC diagnosis, AIDS and corticosteroid use; in the first 48 hours, Proton Pump Inhibitor and SOFA. See Additional file 1 for details on univariate analysis. Time dependent variables were forced in the model.
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Critical Care

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