Clinical review: Goal-directed therapy-what is the evidence in surgical patients? The effect on different risk groups

Table 2 Mortality by subgroup analysis

	Number of studies	Number of patients in GDT group	Mortality in GDT group (%)	Number of patients in control group	Mortality in control group (%)	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Risk group
Intermediate risk	15	807	16 (2.0)	762	17(2.2)	0.83	0.41-1.69	0.62
High risk	12	489	31 (6.3)	435	45 (10.3)	0.65	0.39-1.07	0.09
Extremely high risk	5	142	11 (7.7)	173	51 (29.5)	0.2	0.09-0.41	<0.0001
Fluid/inotropes
Fluid	16	732	25 (3.4)	738	38 (5.1)	0.72	0.42-1.23	0.23
Fluid + inotrope	16	706	33 (4.7)	632	75 (11.9)	0.41	0.23-0.73	0.002
Goal
Supranormal	9	365	19 (5.2)	351	65 (18.5)	0.27	0.15-0.47	<0.00001
Normal	23	1073	39 (3.6)	1,019	48 (4.7)	0.80	0.51-1.27	0.35
Target
CI/DO₂I	15	674	30 (4.5)	592	73 (12.3)	0.36	0.21-0.36	0.0003
FTc/SV	9	423	15 (3.5)	434	23 (5.3)	0.78	0.40-1.52	0.46
Other	8	341	13 (3.8)	344	17 (4.9)	0.78	0..35-1.72	0.54
Type of monitor
PAC	11	494	20 (4.0)	445	62 (13.9)	0.3	0.15-0.6	0.0007
ODM	8	378	10 (2.6)	389	17 (4.4)	0.77	0.35-1.69	0.51
Other	13	566	28 (4.9	536	34 (6.3)	0.74	0.43-1.28	0.28

CI, cardiac index (ml/minute/m²); DO₂I, oxygen delivery index (ml/minute/m²); FTc, corrected flow time; ODM, oesophageal doppler monitor; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; SV, stroke volume (ml).

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