Figure 1
From: Metformin overdose causes platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in humans
Effects of metformin on human platelet mitochondrial function. Platelets from healthy donors were incubated in plasma with saline (white bar) or metformin diluted in saline (concentration: 1.66 mg/L, grey bar; 166 mg/L, dark grey bar; or 16,600 mg/L, black bar). After 72 hours, (a) plasma pH (P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA), (b) lactate (P < 0.001; ANOVA on ranks) and (c) glucose (P < 0.001; ANOVA on ranks) concentrations, (d) platelet complex I (relative to citrate synthase, CI/CS) activity (P = 0.009; one-way ANOVA), (e) the proportion between normally polarized and abnormally depolarized mitochondria (JC-1 fluorescence ratio) (P = 0.003; one-way ANOVA) and (f) oxygen consumption (VO2) (P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA) were measured. Data are mean and SD, from four to eight experiments. * P < 0.05 versus saline (Holm-Sidak method). ANOVA, analysis of variance; SD, standard deviation.