Glycemic variability and glucose complexity in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data

Table 3 Glycemic metrics in ICU survivors and non-survivors.

	Real Time CGM and controls [21, 22]
	Survivors (number = 138)	Non-survivors (number = 36)	P-value
Measures of glycemic variability
Variability of glucose (SD) (mmol/L)	1.21 ± 0.49	1.39 ± 0.59	0.067
Variability of glucose (GLI)	112 (62 to 214)	126 (56 to 223)	0.468
Variability of glucose (δ) (mmol/L)	4.54 ± 2.00	5.08 ± 2.20	0.158
Coefficient of variation (%)	20 ± 7	22 ± 8	0.169
Variability of glucose during first 24 hours (SD) (mmol/L)	0.92 (0.64 to 1.32)	1.03 (0.73 to 1.46)	0.083
Variability of glucose during first 24 hours (GLI)	101 (54 to 200)	123 (54 to 198)	0.232
Variability of glucose during first 24 hours (δ) (mmol/L)	5.55 ± 2.23	6.42 ± 2.91	0.051
Measures of glucose
Mean of glucose (mmol/L)	6.03 ± 0.57	6.23 ± 0.09	0.097
Mean of glucose during first 24 hours (mmol/L)	5.89 (5.40 to 6.36)	5.74 (5.27 to 6.39)	0.414
Maximum glucose (mmol/L)	9.52 ± 2.01	10.16 ± 2.82	0.121
Glucose complexity	1.51 ± 0.10	1.58 ± 0.14	0.003
Measures of hypoglycemia
Time below 4.44 mmol/L (min/24hours)	109 (27 to 262)	120 (29 to240)	0.874
Time below 3.33 mmol/L (min/24hours)	0 (0 to 29)	0 (0 to 50)	0.864
Time below 2.22 mmol/L (min/24 hours)	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	0.116

Data are shown as mean ± SD or median (25^th to 75^th percentile). CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; GLI, glucose lability index; SD, standard deviation.

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