Glycemic variability and glucose complexity in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data

Table 2 Glycemic metrics in the real time CGM and control group.

	Real time CGM (number = 63) [21]	Controls (number = 111) [21, 22]	P-value
Measures of glycemic variability
Variability of glucose (SD) (mmol/L)	1.19 ± 0.49	1.27 ± 0.54	0.330
Variability of glucose (GLI)	81 (43 to 197)	126 (64 to 222)	0.247
Variability of glucose (δ) (mmol/L)	4.47 ± 2.02	4.76 ± 2.07	0.336
Coefficient of variation (%)	20 ± 7	21 ± 8	0.547
Variability of glucose during first 24 hours (SD) (mmol/L)	0.84 (0.65 to 1.33)	1.04 (0.66 to 1.40)	0.395
Variability of glucose during first 24 hours (GLI)	85 (38 to 190)	118 (60 to 207)	0.348
Variability of glucose during first 24 hours (δ) (mmol/L)	5.72 ± 2.42	5.73 ± 2.40	0.966
Measures of glucose
Mean of glucose during first 24 hours (mmol/L)	5.70 (5.19 to 6.47)	5.96 (5.48 to 6.36)	0.099
Maximum glucose (mmol/L)	9.43 ± 2.12	9.77 ± 2.26	0.329
Glucose complexity	1.54 ± 0.11	1.52 ± 0.11	0.210
Measures of IIT
Cumulative daily dose of insulin (I.U.)	45 ± 27	40 ± 23	0.239
Number of changes of the insulin infusion/24 hours	3.8 ± 1.5	3.6 ± 1.3	0.573
Extent of insulin change (%)	57 ± 19	62 ± 23	0.150
Number of BGA measurements/24 hours	7.4 ± 2.1	7.0 ± 1.6	0.217
Number of BGA not required by the algorithm/24 h^a	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 1)	0.238

^asafety/double check BGA measurements. Data are shown as mean ± SD or median (25^th to 75^th percentile). BGA, blood gas analyzer; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; GLI, glucose lability index; IIT, intensive insulin therapy.

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