Doppler resistive index to reflect regulation of renal vascular tone during sepsis and acute kidney injury

Table 2 Characteristics of patients according to acute kidney injury

	No AKI (n = 42)	Transient AKI (n = 24)	Persistent AKI (n = 28)	P value
Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg	78 (67-86)	70 (65-87)	70 (65-87)	0.4
Heart rate, beats per minute	92 (78-105)	90 (83-120)	96 (79-117)	0.5
Fluid balance on inclusion day, mL	1,585 (837-2,612)^a	1,725 (1,205-3,002)	2,650 (1,556-3,487)^b	0.01
Norepinephrine dose, μg/kg per minute	0.18 (0.06-0.37)^a	0.29 (0.11-0.45)^a	0.48 (0.20-0.78)^b,c	0.01
Cardiac index, L/minute per m²	3.1 (2.3-4.6)	3.3 (2.3-3.8)	3.1 (2.4-4.2)	1
Blood lactate, mEq/L	1.2 (0.9-2.0)^a	1.5 (1.0-2.9)	2.4 (1.3-3.9)^b	0.02
Hematocrit, percentage	30 (27-33)	31 (28-38)	29 (25-32)	0.3
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio	240 (140-320)	240 (140-305)	180 (120-260)	0.1
Serum creatinine at inclusion, μmol/L	69 (45-81)^a,c	160 (98-196)^a,b	191 (134-243)^b,c	<0.0001
FeNa, percentage	0.5 (0.2-1)^a,c	1.5 (0.6-2.4)^b	2.7 (0.6-6.7)^b	0.008
FeU, percentage	28 (16-39)	36 (31-45)	31 (12-46)	0.2
Resistance index	0.72 (0.68-0.75)^a,c	0.75 (0.72-0.79)^b	0.77 (0.70-0.80)^b	0.005

Results are expressed as median (interquartile range). FeNa, fractional excretion of sodium, was calculated as [(urine sodium/plasma sodium)/(urine creatinine/plasma creatinine)] × 100. FeU, fractional excretion of urea, was calculated as [(urine urea/plasma urea)/(urine creatinine/plasma creatinine)] × 100. P value refers to between-group comparisons (Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis). ^aP <0.05 compared with persistent acute kidney injury (AKI) group. ^bP <0.05 compared with no AKI group. ^cP <0.05 compared with transient AKI group. PaO₂/FiO₂, arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen.

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