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Table 2 Characteristics of patients in the manual CPR and load distributing band CPR (LDB-CPR) phases

From: Improved neurologically intact survival with the use of an automated, load-distributing band chest compression device for cardiac arrest presenting to the emergency department

Characteristics

Manual CPR

n = 459

LDB-CPR

n = 552

P-valuea

Age, years

64 (16 )

65 (16 )

0.331

Male

311 (67.8)

361 (65.4)

0.429

Race

   

   Chinese

310 (57.5)

369 (66.9)

 

   Indian

49 (10.7)

54 (9.8)

0.176

   Malay

79 (17.2)

91 (16.5)

 

   Others

21 (4.6)

38 (6.9)

 

Hospital

   

   Hospital A

186 (40.5)

293 (53.1)

< 0.001

   Hospital B

273 (59.5)

259 (46.9)

 

Medical history

   

   No medical history

47 (10.2)

47 (8.5)

0.347

   Heart disease

155 (33.8)

192 (34.8)

0.735

   Diabetes

130 (28.3)

150 (27.2)

0.685

   Hypertension

198 (43.2)

251 (45.5)

0.457

   Stroke

42 (9.2)

38 (6.9)

0.184

   Cancer

38 (8.3)

52 (9.4)

0.526

   Respiratory disease

44 (9.6)

40 (7.3)

0.180

   Renal disease

22 (4.8)

58 (10.5)

0.001

   Other medical history

85 (18.5)

210 (38.1)

<0.001

   Unknown medical history

81 (17.7)

103 (18.7)

0.678

Arrest location

   

   Pre-hospital

437 (95.2)

463 (83.9)

< 0.001

   Emergency Department

22 (4.8)

89 (16.1)

 

Bystander witnessed

292 (63.6)

233 (42.2)

< 0.001

EMS witnessed

41 (8.9)

23 (4.2)

0.002

Bystander CPR

110 (24.0)

50 (9.1)

< 0.001

Initial rhythm

   

   Ventricular fibrillation

23 (5.0)

40 (7.3)

 

   Ventricular tachycardia

0 (0.0)

10 (1.8)

< 0.001

   Asystole

340 (74.0)

336 (60.9)

 

   Pulseless electrical activity

80 (17.4)

119 (21.6)

 

Pre-hospital defibrillation

100 (21.8)

84 (15.2)

0.007

Time of collapse to time arrived at ED (minutes)

34:03

33:18

0.591

Defibrillated at ED

124 (27.0)

154 (27.9)

0.754

AutoPulse applied

0 (0.0)

454 (82.3)

< 0.001

  1. aThe t-test was used to compare mean values and a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare percentages. Data are presented as number (percentage) unless otherwise specified. ED, Emergency Department; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation