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Table 4 Cumulative 31- to 365-day mortality and corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (HRs)

From: One-year mortality among Danish intensive care patients with acute kidney injury: a cohort study

 

Number

Without AKI

With AKI

  

Cumulative mortality

% (95%CI)

Adjusted HR

(95%CI)

Cumulative mortality

% (95%CI)

Adjusted HRa

(95%CI)

Overall

25,539

10.7 (10.3-11.1)

1 (reference)

22.2 (20.7-23.7)

1.49 (1.36-1.63)

Age group, years

     

   ≥ 15 < 40

4,516

1.7 (1.4-2.1)

1 (reference)

5.1 (2.8-8.9)

1.52 (0.79-2.94)

   ≥ 40 < 60

6,627

7.5 (6.9-8.2)

1 (reference)

15.4 (12.9-18.3)

1.58 (1.27-1.97)

   ≥ 60 < 80

11,561

13.8 (13.2-14.5)

1 (reference)

23.8 (21.7-26.0)

1.41 (1.25-1.59)

   ≥ 80

2,835

21.8 (20.2-23.6)

1 (reference)

34.2 (30.1-38.5)

1.46 (1.22-1.74)

Charlson comorbidity index score

     

   Low (score 0)

13,834

5.5 (5.1-5.9)

1 (reference)

15.3 (13.4-17.4)

1.88 (1.59-2.22)

   Medium (score 1 to 2)

8,403

14.5 (13.7-15.4)

1 (reference)

25.8 (23.3-28.5)

1.60 (1.40-1.83)

   High (score ≥ 3)

3,302

24.6 (23.0-26.2)

1 (reference)

29.6 (26.1-33.5)

1.12 (0.94-1.34)

Surgical status c, d

     

   Non-surgical

9,234

10.3 (9.6-10.9)

1 (reference)

22.1 (20.0-24.5)

1.42 (1.24-1.63)

   Surgical

     

Acute non-cardiac

8,038

13.1 (12.4-13.9)

1 (reference)

23.97 (21.5-26.5)

1.46 (1.27-1.68)

Acute cardiac

873

5.6 (4.2-7.4)

1 (reference)

21.4 (14.5-30.9)

4.44 (2.63-7.51)

Elective non-cardiac

4,039

14.3 (13.2-15.4)

1 (reference)

19.1 (15.2-23.9)

1.28 (0.98-1.67)

Elective cardiac

3.355

3.8 (3.2-4.5)

1 (reference)

12.0 (6.4-21.8)

2.96 (1.50-5.85)

Primary diagnosis during current hospitalization

     

   Septicemia

340

21.8 (15.9-29.6)

1 (reference)

17.7 (13.0-23.7)

0.81 (0.49-1.32)

   Infectious diseases

2,380

10.0 (8.8-11.4)

1 (reference)

19.8 (16.2-24.0)

1.28 (1.02-1.61)

   Endocrinology diseases

498

10.2 (7.4-14.0)

1 (reference)

12.1 (8.0-18.2)

0.85 (0.48-1.50)

   Cardiovascular diseases

6,829

6.2 (5.7-6.9)

1 (reference)

20.9 (17.5-24.8)

2.21 (1.76-2.78)

   Respiratory diseases

1,202

22.0 (19.6-24.7)

1 (reference)

31.6 (25.2-39.1)

1.27 (0.94-1.73)

   Gastrointestinal or liver diseases

2,486

14.0 (12.6-15.6)

1 (reference)

25.3 (21.7-29.4)

1.75 (1.41-2.17)

   Cancer or other neoplasm

3,350

24.5 (23.0-26.0)

1 (reference)

32.0 (26.9-37.7)

1.17 (0.93-1.46)

   Trauma or poisoning

4,560

5.3 (4.6-6.0)

1 (reference)

20.7 (16.2-26.2)

1.85 (1.36-2.53)

   Other

3,894

8.1 (7.3-9.1)

1 (reference)

19.0 (15.7-22.9)

1.37 (1.08-1.75)

Chronic kidney disease b

     

   Yes

3,084

19.5 (18.0-21.1)

1 (reference)

28.7 (25.2-32.5)

1.43 (1.19-1.71)

   No

22,455

9.6 (9.2-10.0)

1 (reference)

20.5 (18.9-22.2)

1.48 (1.33-1.64)

ICU treatments

     

   Mechanical ventilation

8,976

10.6 (10.0-11.4)

1 (reference)

24.6 (22.3-27.0)

1.49 (1.30-1.70)

   Inotropes/vasopressors

7,691

12.3 (11.5-13.2)

1 (reference)

24.7 (22.5-27.1)

1.46 (1.27-1.66)

  1. aCompared to patients without AKI within subgroups and adjusted for age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index score, surgical status, and chronic kidney disease.
  2. beGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
  3. cSurgical status and cardiac surgical status identified by surgery and surgical type on or up to 7 days before ICU admission, respectively.
  4. dAcute and elective status classified according to hospital admission type.
  5. AKI, acute kidney injury; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ICU, intensive care unit.