Kidney function decline after a non-dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury is associated with higher long-term mortality in critically ill survivors

Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients (n = 634)

Demographic data
Age, years	64.4 ± 15.7
Women	218 (34.4)
BMI (kg/m²)	24.1 ± 4.4
Baseline eGFR (mL/kg/min)	75.7 ± 40.1
Baseline renal function
preserved eGFR	399 (62.9)
stage 3 CKD	190 (30.0)
stage 4 CKD	38 (6.0)
stage 5 CKD	7 (1.1)
Diabetes	182 (28.7)
Hypertension	370 (58.4)
Smoking	121 (19.1)
CAD	220 (34.7)
CVA	50 (7.9)
Severe CHF*	130 (20.5)
Severe COPD^†	19 (3.0)
Organ transplantation	32 (5.1)
Metastatic carcinoma	23 (3.6)
Hematological malignancies	3 (0.5)
ICU admission
Admission year
2002 -- 2005	168 (26.5)
2006 - 2010	466 (73.5)
Admitted immediately after surgery	567 (89.4)
CPR	20 (3.2)
IABP	43 (6.8)
ECMO	24 (3.8)
Ventilator	520 (82.0)
TPN	56 (8.8)
Surgery
Admission services
chest surgery	29 (4.6)
cardiovascular surgery	330 (52.1)
neurosurgery	36 (5.7)
general surgery	239 (37.7)
Surgery during admission	576 (90.9)
Emergency surgery	186 (29.3)
Data at the peak of AKI
Maximum RIFLE stage^†
Risk	221 (34.9)
Injury	228 (36.0)
Failure	185 (29.2)
MAP (mmHg)	89.3 ± 15.7
Body weight change (%)	-0.2 ± 4.5
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	10.9 ± 2.0
Lactate (mmol/L)	2.5 ± 2.5
Creatinine (mg/dL)	2.5 ± 1.3
Urine output (mL/d)	2,057.1 ± 1,220.7
Albumin (g/dL)	3.3 ± 0.7
CVP level (mmHg)	10.3 ± 4.0
Inotropic equivalent (mcg/kg/min)^§	5.5 ± 14.1
APACHE II score	9.1 ± 5.3
SOFA score	7.2 ± 3.4

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or the number and corresponding percentage (%).*Defined as New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. ^† Defined as requiring treatment with long-term bronchodilators or steroids. ^† Defined and classified according to the highest RIFLE stage throughout the hospitalization. ^§Inotropic equivalent (mcg/kg/min) = dopamine + dobutamine + 100 × epinephrine + 100 × norepinephrine + 100 × isoprotenolol + 15 × milrinone. AKI, acute kidney injury; APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary arterial disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; CVP, central venous pressure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment score; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.

ISSN: 1364-8535