Characteristics at time of pneumonia admission | Current statin use (≤125 days) n = 7,223 (10.2%) | Former statin use (>125 days) n = 1,903 (2.7%) | Never statin use n = 61,827 (87.1%) | Total n = 70,953 (100%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, number (percentage) | ||||
15-39 years | 43 (0.6) | 19 (1.0) | 5078 (8.2) | 5,140 (7.2) |
40-64 years | 1,756 (24.3) | 518 (27.2) | 15,529 (25.1) | 17,803 (25.1) |
65-79 years | 3,819 (52.9) | 929 (48.8) | 21,374 (34.6) | 26,122 (36.8) |
≥80 years | 1,605 (22.2) | 437 (23.0) | 19,846 (32.1) | 21,888 (30.9) |
Sex, number (percentage) | ||||
Female | 3,047 (42.2) | 855 (44.9) | 29,389 (47.5) | 33,291 (46.9) |
Male | 4,176 (57.8) | 1,048 (55.1) | 32,438 (52.5) | 37,662 (53.1) |
Calendar period, number (percentage) | ||||
1997-2000 | 340 (4.7) | 62 (3.3) | 17,359 (28.0) | 17,761 (25.0) |
2001-2004 | 1,520 (21.0) | 318 (16.7) | 21,957 (36.0) | 23,795 (33.5) |
2005-2009 | 5,363 (74.3) | 1,523 (80.0) | 22,511 (36.4) | 29,397 (41.4) |
Preadmission hospital-diagnosed comorbidities, number (percentage) | ||||
Conditions included in Charlson index | ||||
Previous myocardial infarction | 2,346 (32.5) | 482 (25.3) | 3,877 (6.2) | 6,705 (9.5) |
Congestive heart failure | 1,443 (20.0) | 358 (18.8) | 5,661 (9.2) | 7,462 (10.5) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1,506 (20.9) | 389 (20.4) | 4,206 (6.8) | 6,101 (8.6) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2,030 (28.1) | 495 (26.0) | 8,151 (13.2) | 10,676 (15) |
Dementia | 134 (1.9) | 36 (1.9) | 1,412 (2.3) | 1,582 (2.23) |
Hemiplegia | 36 (0.5) | 6 (0.3) | 430 (0.7) | 472 (0.7) |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 1,728 (23.9) | 431 (22.7) | 12,299 (19.9) | 14,458 (20.4) |
Connective tissue disease | 441 (6.1) | 134 (7.0) | 3,185 (5.2) | 3,760 (5.3) |
Peptic ulcer disease | 735 (10.2) | 215 (11.3) | 5,253 (8.5) | 6,203 (8.4) |
Mild liver disease | 82 (1.1) | 52 (2.7) | 1,165 (1.9) | 1,299 (1.8) |
Moderate to severe liver disease | 17 (0.2) | 22 (1.2) | 347 (0.6) | 386 (0.5) |
Diabetes without end-stage organ damage | 1,505 (20.8) | 392 (20.6) | 3,766 (6.0) | 5,663 (8.0) |
Diabetes with end-stage organ damage | 942 (13.0) | 242 (12.7) | 1,794 (2.9) | 2,978 (4.2) |
Moderate to severe renal disease | 532 (7.4) | 189 (9.9) | 1,993 (3.2) | 2,714 (3.8) |
Solid cancer | 1,114 (15.4) | 384 (20.2) | 9,242 (15) | 10,740 (15.1) |
Metastatic solid cancer | 195 (2.7) | 87 (4.6) | 1,761 (2.9) | 2,043 (2.9) |
Leukemia | 53 (0.7) | 19 (1.0) | 672 (1.1) | 744 (1.1) |
Lymphoma | 98 (1.4) | 53 (2.8) | 1,157 (1.9) | 1,308 (1.8) |
AIDS | 3 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 85 (0.1) | 88 (0.1) |
Charlson comorbidity index score | ||||
Low, 0 | 1,052 (14.6) | 290 (15.2) | 24,966 (40.4) | 26,308 (37.0) |
Medium, 1-2 | 3,259 (45.0) | 772 (40.6) | 24,609 (39.8) | 28,640 (40.4) |
High, ≥3 | 2,912 (40.3) | 841 (44.2) | 12,252 (19.8) | 16,005 (22.6) |
Additional comorbidity | ||||
Alcoholism-related disorders | 352 (4.9) | 135 (7.1) | 3,813 (6.2) | 4,300 (6.1) |
Obesity | 588 (8.1) | 137 (7.2) | 1,906 (3.1) | 2,631 (3.7) |
Any surgical procedure within 90 days of index date | 1,970 (27.3) | 518 (27.2) | 12,298 (19.9) | 14,786 (20.8) |
Preadmission medications within 125 days of index date unless otherwise indicated, number (percentage) | ||||
Immunosuppressive drugs (within 1 year of index date) | 157 (2.2) | 49 (2.6) | 1,141 (1.9) | 1,347 (1.9) |
Oral steroids (within 1 year of index date) | 1,459 (20.2) | 436 (22.9) | 11,230 (18.2) | 13,125 (18.5) |
Systemic antibiotic therapy (within 90 days of index date) | 2,995 (41.5) | 790 (41.5) | 24,978 (40.4) | 28,763 (40.5) |
Users of inhalation medications | ||||
Beta2 agonists only | 509 (7.0) | 153 (8.0) | 4,854 (7.9) | 5,516 (7.8) |
Corticosteroid therapy only | 86 (1.2) | 18 (1.0) | 719 (1.2) | 823 (1.2) |
Corticosteroids and beta2 agonists | 1,105 (15.3) | 257 (13.5) | 7,757 (12.6) | 9,119 (12.9) |
Beta blockers | 3,290 (45.6) | 579 (30.4) | 8,124 (13.1) | 11,993 (16.9) |
Low-dose aspirin | 3,473 (48.1) | 665 (35.0) | 8,605 (13.9) | 12,743 (18.0) |
Loop diuretics | 2,672 (37.0) | 589 (30.1) | 14,558 (23.6) | 17,819 (25.1) |
Thiazides | 1,347 (18.7) | 309 (16.2) | 7,782 (12.6) | 9,438 (13.3) |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 2,512 (34.8) | 462 (24.3) | 6,339 (10.3) | 9,313 (13.1) |
Angiotensin II antagonists | 1,273 (17.6) | 289 (15.2) | 3,037 (4.9) | 4,599 (6.5) |
Digoxin | 671 (9.3) | 151 (7.9) | 5,252 (8.5) | 6,074 (8.6) |
Vitamin K antagonist | 927 (12.8) | 179 (9.4) | 2,918 (4.7) | 4,024 (5.7) |
Calcium antagonists | 2,261 (31.3) | 467 (24.5) | 7,742 (12.5) | 10,470 (14.8) |
Nitrates | 1,658 (23.0) | 293 (15.4) | 4,436 (7.2) | 6,387 (9.0) |
Antipsychotics | 397 (5.5) | 115 (6.0) | 4,392 (7.1) | 4,904 (6.9) |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 1,341 (18.6) | 349 (18.3) | 10,953 (17.7) | 12,643 (17.8) |
Proton-pump inhibitors | 1,860 (25.8) | 542 (28.5) | 9,071 (14.7) | 11,473 (16.2) |
Markers of socioeconomic status, number (percentage) | ||||
Marital status, number (percentage) | ||||
Married | 4,131 (57.2) | 1,034 (54.3) | 28,261 (45.7) | 33,426 (47.1) |
Never married | 463 (6.4) | 102 (5.4) | 8,393 (13.6) | 8,958 (12.6) |
Divorced or widowed | 2,614 (36.2) | 764 (40.2) | 25,005 (40.4) | 28,383 (40.0) |
Unknown | 15 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 168 (0.3) | 186 (0.3) |
Urbanization of place of residence, number (percentage) | ||||
Rural | 1,235 (17.1) | 283 (14.9) | 11,921 (18.3) | 12,809 (18.0) |
Provincial town | 4,054 (56.1) | 1,055 (55.4) | 34,083 (55.1) | 39,192 (55.2) |
City | 1,934 (26.8) | 565 (29.7) | 16,453 (26.6) | 18,952 (26.7) |
Markers of frailty or health awareness, number (percentage)a | ||||
Receipt of current year's reimbursed influenza vaccine before index date | 2,267 (32.9) | 519 (28.2) | 6,760 (15.2) | 9,546 (18.0) |
Preventive GP consultations and services | 1,867 (27.1) | 528 (28.7) | 3,472 (7.8) | 5,867 (11.0) |
Social medicine-related GP consultations | 1,967 (28.6) | 578 (31.4) | 12,589 (28.3) | 15,134 (28.5) |
GP conversational therapy | 780 (11.3) | 237 (12.9) | 4,108 (9.2) | 5,125 (9.6) |
Application for reimbursement for chronic illness | 670 (9.7) | 145 (7.9) | 1,888 (4.3) | 2,703 (5.1) |
Application for reimbursement for terminal illness | 28 (0.4) | 21 (1.1) | 225 (0.5) | 274 (0.5) |
GP diagnosis and treatment of dementia | 85 (1.2) | 29 (1.6) | 446 (1.0) | 560 (1.1) |