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Table 3 Cohort study: characteristics of 70,953 patients hospitalized for pneumonia for the first time in Denmark according to statin use (1997-2009)

From: The impact of statin use on pneumonia risk and outcome: a combined population-based case-control and cohort study

Characteristics at time of pneumonia

admission

Current

statin use

(≤125 days)

n = 7,223

(10.2%)

Former statin use

(>125 days)

n = 1,903

(2.7%)

Never

statin use

n = 61,827

(87.1%)

Total

n = 70,953

(100%)

Age, number (percentage)

    

   15-39 years

43 (0.6)

19 (1.0)

5078 (8.2)

5,140 (7.2)

   40-64 years

1,756 (24.3)

518 (27.2)

15,529 (25.1)

17,803 (25.1)

   65-79 years

3,819 (52.9)

929 (48.8)

21,374 (34.6)

26,122 (36.8)

   ≥80 years

1,605 (22.2)

437 (23.0)

19,846 (32.1)

21,888 (30.9)

Sex, number (percentage)

    

   Female

3,047 (42.2)

855 (44.9)

29,389 (47.5)

33,291 (46.9)

   Male

4,176 (57.8)

1,048 (55.1)

32,438 (52.5)

37,662 (53.1)

Calendar period, number (percentage)

    

   1997-2000

340 (4.7)

62 (3.3)

17,359 (28.0)

17,761 (25.0)

   2001-2004

1,520 (21.0)

318 (16.7)

21,957 (36.0)

23,795 (33.5)

   2005-2009

5,363 (74.3)

1,523 (80.0)

22,511 (36.4)

29,397 (41.4)

Preadmission hospital-diagnosed comorbidities, number (percentage)

    

Conditions included in Charlson index

    

   Previous myocardial infarction

2,346 (32.5)

482 (25.3)

3,877 (6.2)

6,705 (9.5)

   Congestive heart failure

1,443 (20.0)

358 (18.8)

5,661 (9.2)

7,462 (10.5)

   Peripheral vascular disease

1,506 (20.9)

389 (20.4)

4,206 (6.8)

6,101 (8.6)

   Cerebrovascular disease

2,030 (28.1)

495 (26.0)

8,151 (13.2)

10,676 (15)

   Dementia

134 (1.9)

36 (1.9)

1,412 (2.3)

1,582 (2.23)

   Hemiplegia

36 (0.5)

6 (0.3)

430 (0.7)

472 (0.7)

   Chronic pulmonary disease

1,728 (23.9)

431 (22.7)

12,299 (19.9)

14,458 (20.4)

   Connective tissue disease

441 (6.1)

134 (7.0)

3,185 (5.2)

3,760 (5.3)

   Peptic ulcer disease

735 (10.2)

215 (11.3)

5,253 (8.5)

6,203 (8.4)

   Mild liver disease

82 (1.1)

52 (2.7)

1,165 (1.9)

1,299 (1.8)

   Moderate to severe liver disease

17 (0.2)

22 (1.2)

347 (0.6)

386 (0.5)

   Diabetes without end-stage organ damage

1,505 (20.8)

392 (20.6)

3,766 (6.0)

5,663 (8.0)

   Diabetes with end-stage organ damage

942 (13.0)

242 (12.7)

1,794 (2.9)

2,978 (4.2)

   Moderate to severe renal disease

532 (7.4)

189 (9.9)

1,993 (3.2)

2,714 (3.8)

   Solid cancer

1,114 (15.4)

384 (20.2)

9,242 (15)

10,740 (15.1)

   Metastatic solid cancer

195 (2.7)

87 (4.6)

1,761 (2.9)

2,043 (2.9)

   Leukemia

53 (0.7)

19 (1.0)

672 (1.1)

744 (1.1)

   Lymphoma

98 (1.4)

53 (2.8)

1,157 (1.9)

1,308 (1.8)

   AIDS

3 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

85 (0.1)

88 (0.1)

Charlson comorbidity index score

    

   Low, 0

1,052 (14.6)

290 (15.2)

24,966 (40.4)

26,308 (37.0)

   Medium, 1-2

3,259 (45.0)

772 (40.6)

24,609 (39.8)

28,640 (40.4)

   High, ≥3

2,912 (40.3)

841 (44.2)

12,252 (19.8)

16,005 (22.6)

Additional comorbidity

    

   Alcoholism-related disorders

352 (4.9)

135 (7.1)

3,813 (6.2)

4,300 (6.1)

   Obesity

588 (8.1)

137 (7.2)

1,906 (3.1)

2,631 (3.7)

   Any surgical procedure within 90 days of index date

1,970 (27.3)

518 (27.2)

12,298 (19.9)

14,786 (20.8)

Preadmission medications within 125 days of index date unless otherwise indicated, number (percentage)

    

   Immunosuppressive drugs (within 1 year of index date)

157 (2.2)

49 (2.6)

1,141 (1.9)

1,347 (1.9)

   Oral steroids (within 1 year of index date)

1,459 (20.2)

436 (22.9)

11,230 (18.2)

13,125 (18.5)

   Systemic antibiotic therapy (within 90 days of index date)

2,995 (41.5)

790 (41.5)

24,978 (40.4)

28,763 (40.5)

Users of inhalation medications

    

   Beta2 agonists only

509 (7.0)

153 (8.0)

4,854 (7.9)

5,516 (7.8)

   Corticosteroid therapy only

86 (1.2)

18 (1.0)

719 (1.2)

823 (1.2)

   Corticosteroids and beta2 agonists

1,105 (15.3)

257 (13.5)

7,757 (12.6)

9,119 (12.9)

   Beta blockers

3,290 (45.6)

579 (30.4)

8,124 (13.1)

11,993 (16.9)

   Low-dose aspirin

3,473 (48.1)

665 (35.0)

8,605 (13.9)

12,743 (18.0)

   Loop diuretics

2,672 (37.0)

589 (30.1)

14,558 (23.6)

17,819 (25.1)

   Thiazides

1,347 (18.7)

309 (16.2)

7,782 (12.6)

9,438 (13.3)

   Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

2,512 (34.8)

462 (24.3)

6,339 (10.3)

9,313 (13.1)

   Angiotensin II antagonists

1,273 (17.6)

289 (15.2)

3,037 (4.9)

4,599 (6.5)

   Digoxin

671 (9.3)

151 (7.9)

5,252 (8.5)

6,074 (8.6)

   Vitamin K antagonist

927 (12.8)

179 (9.4)

2,918 (4.7)

4,024 (5.7)

   Calcium antagonists

2,261 (31.3)

467 (24.5)

7,742 (12.5)

10,470 (14.8)

   Nitrates

1,658 (23.0)

293 (15.4)

4,436 (7.2)

6,387 (9.0)

   Antipsychotics

397 (5.5)

115 (6.0)

4,392 (7.1)

4,904 (6.9)

   Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

1,341 (18.6)

349 (18.3)

10,953 (17.7)

12,643 (17.8)

   Proton-pump inhibitors

1,860 (25.8)

542 (28.5)

9,071 (14.7)

11,473 (16.2)

Markers of socioeconomic status, number (percentage)

    

Marital status, number (percentage)

    

   Married

4,131 (57.2)

1,034 (54.3)

28,261 (45.7)

33,426 (47.1)

   Never married

463 (6.4)

102 (5.4)

8,393 (13.6)

8,958 (12.6)

   Divorced or widowed

2,614 (36.2)

764 (40.2)

25,005 (40.4)

28,383 (40.0)

   Unknown

15 (0.2)

3 (0.2)

168 (0.3)

186 (0.3)

Urbanization of place of residence, number (percentage)

    

   Rural

1,235 (17.1)

283 (14.9)

11,921 (18.3)

12,809 (18.0)

   Provincial town

4,054 (56.1)

1,055 (55.4)

34,083 (55.1)

39,192 (55.2)

   City

1,934 (26.8)

565 (29.7)

16,453 (26.6)

18,952 (26.7)

Markers of frailty or health awareness, number (percentage)a

    

   Receipt of current year's reimbursed influenza vaccine before index date

2,267 (32.9)

519 (28.2)

6,760 (15.2)

9,546 (18.0)

   Preventive GP consultations and services

1,867 (27.1)

528 (28.7)

3,472 (7.8)

5,867 (11.0)

   Social medicine-related GP consultations

1,967 (28.6)

578 (31.4)

12,589 (28.3)

15,134 (28.5)

   GP conversational therapy

780 (11.3)

237 (12.9)

4,108 (9.2)

5,125 (9.6)

   Application for reimbursement for chronic illness

670 (9.7)

145 (7.9)

1,888 (4.3)

2,703 (5.1)

   Application for reimbursement for terminal illness

28 (0.4)

21 (1.1)

225 (0.5)

274 (0.5)

   GP diagnosis and treatment of dementia

85 (1.2)

29 (1.6)

446 (1.0)

560 (1.1)

  1. aAscertained among 53,192 pneumonia patients hospitalized in 2001-2009. GP, general practitioner.