Table 1 Patient characteristics, by sepsis severity (n = 107)
Patient characteristic | All | Severe sepsis | Septic shock |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | ( n = 107) | ( n = 33) | ( n = 74) |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
   Age in years, mean ± SD | 59 ± 17.5 | 55 ± 20 | 61 ± 16 |
   Male/Female | 62/45 | 20/13 | 42/32 |
Admission categories | Â | Â | Â |
   Medical | 72 (67%) | 24 (73%) | 48 (65%) |
   Scheduled surgery | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5%) |
   Unscheduled surgery | 31 (29%) | 9 (27%) | 22 (30%) |
Origin | Â | Â | Â |
   Community (home/emergency room) | 61 (57%) | 18 (54.5%) | 43 (58.1%) |
   Nosocomial (hospital transfer) | 46 (43%) | 15 (45.5%) | 31 (41.9%) |
Referral from other hospital | 20 (18.7%) | 5 (15.2%) | 15 (20.3%) |
Operating room | 3 (2.8%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (2.7%) |
Ward | 14 (13.1%) | 6 (18.2%) | 8 (10.8%) |
Intermediate care | 9 (8.4%) | 3 (9.1%) | 6 (8.1%) |
Severe comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
   Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17 (15.8%) | 5 (15.1%) | 12 (16.2%) |
   Cardiac insufficiency | 16 (15%) | 2 (6%) | 14 (18.9%) |
   Cirrhosis | 8 (7.5%) | 1 (3%) | 7 (9.5%) |
   End-stage renal disease | 15 (14%) | 3 (9%) | 12 (16.2%) |
   Immunodeficiencya | 13 (12.1%) | 2 (6%) | 11 (14.9%) |
   Insulin-dependent diabetes | 6 (5.6%) | 1 (3%) | 5 (6.7%) |
Score, mean ± SD |  |  |  |
   APACHE II | 30 ± 8 | 27 ± 86 | 31 ± 8 |
   SAPS II | 71 ± 17 | 65 ± 16 | 74 ± 17 |
   SAPS III | 76 ± 18 | 67 ± 21 | 80 ± 15 |
   SOFA (day 1) | 11 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 |
McCabe score | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-fatal | 63 (59%) | 22 (66.6%) | 41 (55%) |
   Ultimately fatal (< 5 years) | 30 (28%) | 7 (21.2%) | 23 (31%) |
   Rapid fatal (< 6 months) | 14 (13%) | 4 (12.2%) | 10 (14%) |
Infection sites | Â | Â | Â |
   Pulmonary | 37 (34.5%) | 14 (42.4%) | 23 (31%) |
   Abdominal | 38 (36%) | 7 (21.2%) | 31 (41.9%) |
   Bloodstream | 7 (6.5%) | 4 (12.1%) | 3 (4.1%) |
   CNS and ENT | 5 (4.6%) | 2 (6.1%) | 3 (4.1%) |
   Urinary tract | 5 (4.6%) | 2 (6.1%) | 3 (4.1%) |
   Soft tissues | 13 (12%) | 4 (12.1%) | 9 (12.1%) |
   Miscellaneous | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.7%) |
Microbiology | Â | Â | Â |
   Gram-positive (number of positive blood cultures) | 41 (38.3%) | 17 (51.5%) | 24 (32.4%) |
Staphylococcus aureus (8) | 8 (7.5%) | 5 (15.1%) | 3 (4.1%) |
Streptococcus pyogenes (2) | 10 (9.3%) | 2 (6.1%) | 8 (10.8%) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (8) | 20 (18.7%) | 8 (24.2%) | 12 (16.1%) |
Other (2) | 3 (2.8%) | 2 (6.1%) | 1 (1.4%) |
   Gram-negative | 45 (42%) | 13 (39.4%) | 32 (43.2%) |
Escherichia coli (14) | 23 (21.5%) | 5 (15.2%) | 18 (24.3%) |
Other Enterobacteriacae (5) | 7 (6.5%) | 1 (3.05%) | 6 (8.1%) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5) | 6 (5.6%) | 3 (9.05%) | 3 (4.1%) |
Other (5) | 9 (8.4%) | 4 (12.1%) | 5 (6.7%) |
   Fungi | 3 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4.1%) |
Candida albicans (1) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) |
Other (0) | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.7%) |
   H1N1 | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) |
   Undocumented | 17 (15.9%) | 3 (9.1%) | 14 (18.9%) |
Outcome | Â | Â | Â |
   Hospital mortality | 22 (20.6%) | 3 (9%) | 19 (25.7%) |