Table 1 Effects of cytokines during liver sepsis
Cytokines | Effects of cytokines | References |
|---|---|---|
TNF-α | Pro-inflammatory response and stimulation of IL-6 production by HCs | [31] |
IL-6 | Pro-inflammatory response, stimulation of acute-phase proteins, and activation and release of TGF-β | |
IL-1β | Pro-inflammatory response and synergistic action with TNF-α | |
TGF-β | Anti-inflammatory response and counteracting of the extension of inflammatory response | [33] |
IL-18 | LPS-induced liver toxicity and secretion of IFN-γ | [36] |
IFN-γ | HC apoptosis, elevation of TNF-α, and upregulation of CD14 | [30] |
IL-10 | Anti-inflammatory response and downregulation of LPS-induced IL-6 release | [32] |