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Table 4 Meta-analysis for prediction of acute kidney injury with measures of heterogeneity

From: Clinical review: Volume of fluid resuscitation and the incidence of acute kidney injury - a systematic review

Comparison

Number of studies

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p

Ï„ 2

Q-statistic Pvalue

I2 (%)

H 2

All studies conventional fluid strategies

24

0.59 (0.39 to 0.89)

0.013

0.19

0.21

20.2

1.25

GDT involved no clinically significantly greater fluid administration

10

0.47 (0.29 to 0.76)

0.0049

0

0.73

0

1.0

Clinically significantly more fluids administered with GDT

14

0.70 (0.35 to 1.41)

0.32

0.60

0.09

39.4

1.65

Clinically significantly more fluids administered with GDT excluding outlier study

13

0.88 (0.49 to 1.58)

0.68

0.18

0.44

16.7

1.19

All studies conventional fluid strategies, no inotropes

11a

0.55 (0.24 to 1.26)

0.16

0.97

0.03

52.5

2.11

All studies conventional fluid strategies, no inotropes excluding outlier study

10a

0.75 (0.37 to 1.53)

0.43

0.38

0.19

30.8

1.45

All studies conventional fluid strategies - inotropes in GDT

14a

0.52 (0.34 to 0.80)

0.0030

0

0.87

0

1.0

No clinically significant greater fluid administration, no inotropes

3a

0.47 (0.13 to 1.75)

0.25

0.51

0.23

37.3

1.59

No clinically significant greater fluid administration, inotropes in GDT

8a

0.46 (0.27 to 0.77)

0.0036

0

0.85

0

1.0

Clinically significant more fluids administered with GDT, no inotropes

8

0.55 (0.18 to 1.68)

0.30

1.46

0.02

60.5

2.53

Clinically significant more fluids administered with GDT, no inotropes excluding outlier study

7

1.0 (0.46 to 2.17)

0.99

0.19

0.26

17.2

1.21

Clinically significant more fluids administered with GDT, inotropes in GDT

6

0.73 (0.31 to 1.69)

0.46

0.11

0.61

8.9

1.1

Creatinine-based definition of AKI excluding outlier study

12

0.61 (0.36 to 1.02)

0.06

0.20

0.23

26.6

1.36

Creatinine-based definition of AKI, GDT involved no clinically significantly greater fluid administration excluding outlier study

5

0.41 (0.23 to 0.72)

0.002

0

0.83

0

1.0

Creatinine-based definition of AKI, clinically significantly more fluids administered with GDT excluding outlier study

7

0.90 (0.41 to 1.97)

0.80

0.35

0.18

33.3

1.5

GDT to assist restrictive fluid strategy in treatment arm

3

1.68 (0.69 to 4.12)

0.26

0

0.29

0

1.0

  1. Statistical analysis - random effects model. AKI, acute kidney injury; CI, confidence interval. aOne study presented data on goal-directed therapy (GDT) with and without inotropic therapy [31]. Data from these groups were considered as separate studies, dividing on the basis of use/nonuse of inotropes in GDT.
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