Higher vs. lower fluid volume for septic shock: clinical characteristics and outcome in unselected patients in a prospective, multicenter cohort

Table 2 Characteristics dependent on fluid volume in the ICU in the first day and the first 3 days of shock in consecutive ICU patients with septic shock

	Day 1, n= 164			Day 1-3, n= 95
	High fluid volume (> 4.0 L), n = 82	Low fluid volume (< 4.0 L), n = 82	P value	High fluid volume (> 7.5 L), n = 47	Low fluid volume (< 7.5 L), n = 48	P value
Total fluid volume, liters	6.3 (5.1-8.2)	2.3 (1.1-3.0)	< 0.0001	10.9 (8.7-13.3)	4.3 (3.0-5.7)	< 0.0001
Crystalloids, liters	3.9 (3.0-6.0)	2.0 (1.0-2.3), n = 59	< 0.0001	7.0 (4.5-9.8)	2.8 (0.5-4.3), n = 40	< 0.0001
Colloids, liters	1.1 (0.6-1.6), n = 72	0.5 (0.4-1.0), n = 64	< 0.0001	2.1 (1.0-2.5), n = 46	1.0 (0.5-1.5), n = 40	< 0.0001
Blood products, liters	1.2 (0.6-2.8), n = 53	0.5 (0.2-0.9), n = 34	< 0.0001	2.6 (1.1-4.3), n = 41	1.1 (0.5-1.9), n = 32	< 0.001
SAPS II on admission	54 (45-64)	54 (45-67)	0.73	53 (46-67)	55 (49-62)	0.47
SOFA score^a	11 (9-13)	11 (9-13)	0.99	10 (8-13)	11 (10-14)	0.33
Maximum p-lactate in mmol/L^a	3.4 (2.2-5.5)	2.0 (1.6-3.2), n = 81	< 0.0001	2.6 (1.7-3.4)	1.9 (1.6-2.4)	< 0.01
Minimum ScvO₂, percentage^a	70 (63-77), n = 68	73 (66-78), n = 57	0.26	74 (66-80), n = 34	74 (68-79), n = 31	0.35
Maximum vasopressor in μg/kg per minute^a	0.25 (0.12-0.43)	0.18 (0.10-0.32)	0.07	0.16 (0.10-0.24)	0.15 (0.08-0.22)	0.57
Renal replacement therapy, number (percentage)	32 (39)	32 (39)	1.00	18 (38)	16 (33)	0.61
90-day mortality, number (percentage)	38 (46)	45 (55)	0.27	19 (40)	29 (62)	0.03

Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or as number of patients (percentage). Group comparisons were done by Mann-Whitney U test including all patients in the groups (82 versus 82 and 47 versus 48 patients) or chi-squared test by relevance. The number (n) is given in the specific cell that applies; for all other variables, n was as given in the top of the column. ^aOn days 1 and 3, respectively. ICU, intensive care unit; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score II, ScvO₂, central venous oxygen saturation, SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.

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