Table 1 Baseline characteristics and comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors at the onset of septic shock (day 1)

Characteristics

   Age, years

68 (49-76)

74 (61-82)

0.167

   Male, n (%)

18 (49)

15 (63)

0.289

   BMI, kg/m²

23 (21-25)

23 (20-26)

0.732

   APACHE IV score

79 (66-94)

93 (69-99)

0.339

   APACHE IV predicted mortality, %

28 (17-53)

48 (35-61)

0.039

   SOFA score

10 (8-12)

10 (8-12)

0.222

   PaO₂/FiO₂, mm Hg

186 (142-269)

123 (83-187)

0.002

   SOFA cardiovascular score

4 (4-4)

4 (4-4)

0.911

   Days on vasoactive medications

5 (3-9)

7 (4-9)

0.340

   ICU LOS, days

12 (8-22)

12 (4-20)

0.515

   Hospital LOS, days

29 (17-49)

17 (6-52)

0.150

Comorbidities

   Coronary heart disease, n (%)

6 (16)

2 (8)

0.373

   Hypertension, n (%)

18 (49)

10 (42)

0.593

   Diabetes, n (%)

12 (32)

5 (21)

0.324

   Chronic renal failure, n (%)

6 (16)

2 (8)

0.373

Primary diagnosis of infection

   Pneumonia, n (%)

18 (49)

16 (67)

0.166

   Bacteremia, n (%)

5 (14)

2 (8)

0.535

   Peritonitis, n (%)

5 (13)

1 (4)

0.231

   Others, n (%)

9 (24)

5 (21)

0.751

Laboratory data

   Lactate, mM

1.75 (1.30-2.88)

2.00 (1.80-3.98)

0.095

   WBC, ×10⁹/L

11.36 (7.18-19.99)

12.07 (6.91-18.90)

0.623

   Procalcitonin, ng/ml

2.01 (0.59-7.40)

1.50 (0.53-5.71)

0.435

   cTnI, μg/L

0.17 (0.06-1.14)

0.15 (0.04-0.93)

0.952

   CKMB, μg/L

1.80 (0.60-3.83)

1.65 (1.03-4.90)

0.455

   NTproBNP, pg/ml

4,072.00 (2,006.50-11,885.50)

3,710.00 (1,361.50-10,618.25)

0.693