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Figure 1 | Critical Care

Figure 1

From: Asking the right questions: the relationship between incident ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality

Figure 1

Schematics for possible multi-state models to describe the possible association between ventilator-associated mortality (VAP) among patients who die. (a,b) The schematic of Forel and colleagues [1] (a), which we have simplified into more standard notation in (b). This schematic demonstrates the presence of length and time-dependent bias in the analysis. (c) Schematic that eliminates the length and time-dependence. By VAP-susceptible, we mean that a patient has been ventilated long enough to be susceptible to VAP. Our depiction is modeled on the descriptions in Wolkewitz and colleagues [10]. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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