Skip to main content

Table 4 Summary of animal trials on intra-arrest hypothermia during cardiac arrest according to method of cooling

From: Intra-arrest hypothermia during cardiac arrest: a systematic review

SYSTEMIC COOLING

 

Outcomes

IATH (%)

NT (%)

PATH (%)

Species

N

Arrest

Rhythm

No-flow (min)

HT method

IATH core temp (°C)

Time to ROSC (min)

Abella [8]

Survival (%, 3 days)

60

10*

10*

Mice

30

KCl

NA

8

Ice-water blanket

30

10 to 11

 

GNO (%, 3 days)

60

10*

10*

        
 

ROSC (%)

100

100

100

        

Albaghdadi [35]

ROSC (%)

78

45

 

Pigs

20

Asphyxia

NA

5

PFC-TLV

36

11 to 13

 

CoPP (mmHg)

14

14

         

Boddicker [28]

Survival (%, 24 hrs)

87

0*

 

Pigs

32

EC

VF

8

Surrounding the body with ice

33

12 to 18

 

GNO (%, 24 hrs)

87

0*

         
 

ROSC (%)

87

0*

         
 

CoPP (mmHg)

15

10

         

Menegazzi [12]

Survival (%, 20 min)

57

36

 

Pigs

28

EC

VF

8

ivfluid

34

13

 

ROSC (%)

86

43*

         
 

CoPP (mmHg)

10

11

         

Nordmark [22]

Survival (3-hrs)

80

100

 

Pigs

20

EC

VF

8

ivfluid

36

15 to 20

 

ROSC (%)

90

100

         

Nordmark [25]

Survival (%, 6 hrs)

100

100

 

Pigs

16

EC

VF

8

ivfluid

33

17

 

LPR > 30 (n)

29

88*

         
 

SjO2 (%, 6 hr)

100

78*

         
 

ROSC (%)

100

100

         

Riter [10]

Survival (%, 1 hr)

100

100

 

Pigs

24

EC

VF

11

PFC-TLV

35

22

 

ROSC (%)

88

12*

         
 

CoPP (mmHg)

14

10

         

Shaffner [34]

CBF (mL/100 g/min)

10

5*

 

Dogs

12

EC

VF

6

Ice

28

NA

Staffey [15]

ROSC (%)

82

27*

 

Pigs

33

EC

VF

11

PFC-TLV

33

22

 

CoPP (mmHg)

10

10

         

Sterz [6]

Survival (%, 3 days)

75

92

84

Dogs

36

EC

VF

10

Cold iv fluids

34

16 to 20

 

GNO (%, 3 days)

50

8*

41

     

External cooling

  
 

NDS (3 days)

19

36*

22

        
 

CPP (mmHg)

55

50

51

        
 

ROSC (%)

75

92

84

        
 

CoPP (mmHg)

42

48

43

        

Xiao [24]

Survival (%, 3 days)

100

100

100

Rats

30

Asphyxia

NA

5

Ice water

34

7

 

GNO (%, 3 days)

100

40*

80

        
 

NDS (3 days)

1

20*

12*

        
 

ROSC (%)

100

100

100

        

Yannopoulos [13]

ROSC (%)

100

66*

44

Pigs

45

CVO

VF

5

Intravascular catheter

33

20

 

CoPP (mmHg)

21

21

20

        
 

LVEF (%)

32

23*

21*

        

Zhao [27]

Survival (%, 7 days)

53

0*

 

Mice

45

KCl

NA

8

Blankets

30

10 to 11

 

GNO (%, 3 days)

66

0*

         
 

ROSC (%)

93

80

         
 

dP/dtmax (mmHg/s)

6000

3800*

         

SELECTIVE BRAIN COOLING

Brader [26]

Survival (24 hrs)

33

0

 

Dogs

12

EC

VF

4

Ice bags around the head

36

24

 

NDS (24 hrs)

37

62*

         
 

ROSC (%)

82

82

         

Cho [32]

Survival (hrs)

9.3

0.1*

 

Pigs

16

EC

VF/PEA

14

TNEC

36 to 37

19 to 29

 

ROSC (%)

75

12*

         
 

CoPP (mmHg)

25

14*

         

Gelman [33]

CPP (mmHg)

26

25

 

Pigs

14

EC

VF

6

Cooling cap placed around the head

38

NA

 

CBF (mL/100 g/min)

16

18

         
 

CoPP (mmHg)

16

18

         
 

MBF (mL/100 g/min)

43

80*

         

Guan [29]

Survival (%, 4-days)

100

29*

86

Pigs

24

EC

VF

10

TNEC

34-35

15 to 25

 

NDS (4-days)

0

400*

0

        

Hagioka [23]

Survival (%, 7-days)

100

100

 

Rats

14

CVO

VF

5

NFC

37

6

 

GNO (%, 7-days)

100

100

         
 

CPP (mmHg)

40

34

         
 

HDS

33

71*

         

Jeung [21]

Survival (%, 3 days)

72

72

 

Dogs

14

EC

VF

9

CF

35

12 to 15

 

NDS (3 days)

18

42*

         
 

ROSC (%)

100

100

         

Tsai [30]

Survival (%, 4 days)

100

25*

63

Pigs

24

EC

VF

10

TNEC

34

15 to 25

 

ROSC (%)

100

88

88

        
 

CoPP (mmHg)

21

18

20

        
 

LVEF (%)

63

52*

51*

        

Tsai [31]

Survival (%, 4 days)

100

29*

 

Pigs

16

EC

VF

10

TNEC

34

15 to 25

 

NDS (%, 4 days)

0

400*

         
 

ROSC (%)

100

88

         
 

CoPP (mmHg)

21

18

         
 

LVEF (%)

63

53*

         

Wang [36]

ROSC (%)

87

25*

 

Pigs

16

EC

VF

15

TNEC

34

20 to 30

 

CoPP (mmHg)

25

16*

         
  1. CBF, cerebral blood flow; CF, carotid flush with cold saline fluids; CG, control group; CoPP, coronary perfusion pressure; CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure; CVO, coronary vascular occlusion; dP/dt, pressure/time ratio; EC, electrical current; GNO, good neurological outcome; HDS, histological deficit score; HT, hypothermia; IATH intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia; KCl, potassium chloride; KT, catheter; LPR, lactate/pyruvate ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction: MBF, myocardial blood flow; N, number; NA, not available; NDS, neurological deficit score; NFC, nasoparhyngeal cooling (saline); NT, normothermia; PATH, conventional (post-arrest) hypothermia; PFC-TLV, perfluorocarbon-based total liquid ventilation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; SjO2, jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation; TNEC, trans-nasal evaporative cooling; VF, ventricular fibrillation; *, P < 0.05 vs. IATH
Back to article page

Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535