Early use of imipenem/cilastatin and vancomycin followed by de-escalation versus conventional antimicrobials without de-escalation for patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in a medical ICU: a randomized clinical trial

Table 2 Number of patients who received adequate initial empiric antimicrobials in the DE and NDE groups^a

Organism	DE	NDE	Total	P ^b
	n/m (%)	n/m (%)	n/m (%)
All patients	22/29 (75.9)	12/25 (48)	34/54 (63)	0.035
Gram-positive organisms	21/21 (100)	2/14 (14.3)	22/35 (65.7)	< 0.001
Gram-negative organisms	9/14 (64.3)	12/14 (85.7)	21/28 (75)	0.190

Values given as number (percentage) of patients. DE, de-escalation group; m, number of patients with isolated organisms; n, number of patients with adequate initial antimicrobial treatment; NDE, non-de-escalation group. ^aOnly culture-positive patients were included. ^bWith χ²or the Fisher Exact test.

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