Bench-to-bedside review: Neonatal sepsis - redox processes in pathogenesis

Table 2 Levels of IL6, IL8 and TNF-α in neonatal versus adult sepsis

			Group
Sample	Stimulus	Cytokine	Neonate	Adult	Other cytokines showing no difference	Reference
Human blood	GBS	IL6 (pg/ml)	100 ± 105	14 ± 13 (P = 0.003)	IL-1β	[98]
		IL8	3,355 ± 1,762	1,109 ± 452 (P = 0.01)
		TNF-α	592 ± 349	481 ± 261 (NS)
Human blood	E. coli	IL6 (pg/ml)	1,000 ± 0	783 ± 84 (P = 0.02)	IL-1β	[98]
		IL8	7,120 ± 751	4,995 ± 472 (P = 0.003)
		TNF-α	952 ± 167	908 ± 62 (NS)
Human blood	HSV-1	IL6 (pg/ml)	3,920 ± 3750	360 ± 190 (P = 0.033)	-	[99]^a
		IL8 (ng/ml)	32 ± 38	6.5 ± 1.7 (P = 0.066)
Human mononuclear cells	11 bacterial	IL6 (ng/ml)	104 ± 36	59 ± 20 (P < 0.01)	IL10	[100]^a
	species^b	TNF-α	16 ± 14	17 ± 15 (NS)	IL12
Human monocytes	LPS	TNF-α (pg/ml)	610	2,230 (P < 0.05)	-	[101]
Human monocytes	LPS	IL6 (ng/ml)	3.7 ± 1.1	1 ± 0.3 (P < 0.05)	-	[102]
		TNF-α	0.6 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 1.3 (P < 0.05)
Human blood	LPS	TNF-α (ng/ml)	1.47 ± 1.03	3.89 ± 1.94 (P < 0.05)	IL2 IL4 IFN-γ	[38]

^aWe extracted and pooled the results provided in the manuscripts and performed statistical analysis. ^bEleven different bacterial species from intestinal flora, each being studied separately. GBS, Group B streptococcus; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type-1; IFN, interferon; NS, not significant.

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