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Figure 6 | Critical Care

Figure 6

From: Clinical review: Respiratory monitoring in the ICU - a consensus of 16

Figure 6

Campbell diagram with all of its components. The horizontal axis showsthe esophageal pressure (the surrogate of pleural pressure), and the verticalaxis denotes volume above end-expiration. The fitted points to the left of thered line indicate the decrease in esophageal pressure during inspiration, andthe points to the right of the red line indicate the esophageal pressure duringexpiration. The red line joins the points of zero flow at the beginning and theend of inspiration. The continuous black line to the right of the diagramdenotes the chest wall compliance when muscles are relaxed, and the paralleldotted line joining the zero flow point at the beginning of inspiration is usedto account for the presence of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) (the horizontal distance between the continuous and the dotted blacklines). The surface to the left of the red line is the resistive component ofwork, and the surface to the right of this red line is the elastic component ofwork, including the elastic component of work due to the presence of intrinsicPEEP (about 3 cm H2O in this example). The elastic work due to theintrinsic PEEP is the surface of the rectangle with base equal to intrinsicPEEP (the horizontal distance between the continuous and the dotted blacklines) and height equal to tidal volume (about 360 mL in the example).Pes, esophageal pressure.

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