CPR initiated after telephone-assisted instruction produces a better outcome of bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests than no bystander CPR but is less effective than CPR on the bystander's own initiative

Table 2 Effects of type and origin by bystander CPR on survival of bystander-witnessed OHCAs having bystander CPR

Factor	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI
Type of CPR
CC-only CPR	0.96	0.88 to 1.04
Conventional CPR	Reference
Origin of CPR
Following telephone-CPR	0.73	0.67 to 0.80
On bystander's own initiative	Reference
Aetiology
Presumed cardiac	2.27	2.05 to 2.51
Noncardiac	Reference
Time intervals
Witness-call	0.99	0.98 to 0.99
Witness-first CPR performed either by	0.98	0.97 to 0.99
citizens or by EMTs
Call-arrival at patients	0.88	0.87 to 0.90

Effects of type and origin by bystander CPR on 1-month survival with favourable neurological outcomes of bystander-witnessed OHCAs having bystander CPR (multiple logistic regression analysis).

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