Table 2 Differences between delirious and nondelirious patients

Proinflammatory cytokines

TNF-α (pg/ml)

11

[7-14]

8

[5-13]

0.02

IL-1β (pg/ml)

3

[3-6]

3

[3-7]

0.63

IL-6 (pg/ml)

61

[37-113]

37

[23-81]

0.01

IL-8 (pg/ml)

29

[20-39]

17

[9-26]

< 0.0001

IL-17 (pg/ml)

3

[3-4]

3

[3-4]

0.17

IL-18 (pg/ml)

99

[74-161]

86

[70-120]

0.11

MIF (pg/ml)

418

[300-724]

257

[157-576]

0.02

Antiinflammatory cytokines

IL-1ra (pg/ml)

36

[17-68]

21

[13-33]

0.001

IL-10 (pg/ml)

29

[16-51]

18

[9-39]

0.01

Chemotactic cytokines

MCP-1 (pg/ml)

372

[248-589]

239

[179-325]

< 0.0001

Defensin

HNP (μg/ml)

0.06

[0.03-0.12]

0.06

[0.03-0.10]

0.89

Markers of inflammation

CRP (mg/ml)

56

[35-114]

47

[32-84]

0.11

Procalcitonin (ng/ml)

0.35

[0.17-1.68]

0.14

[0.07-0.36]

< 0.0001

Stress-response hormone

Cortisol (μmol/L)

0.51

[0.31-0.97]

0.35

[0.09-0.62]

0.006

Brain-specific proteins

S100-β (pg/ml)

132

[100-294]

135

[90-219]

0.40

Tau (pg/ml)

41

[24-91]

32

[17-56]

0.07

Ratio tau/Aβ_1-42

1.14

[0.62-2.71]

0.95

[0.47-1.69]

0.10

Aβ_1-42 (pg/ml)

36

[29-47]

36

[30-41]

0.70

Aβ_1-40 (pg/ml)

156

[129-225]

146

[113-163]

0.05

Ratio Aβ_1-42/40

0.23

[0.20-0.27]

0.25

[0.23-0.30]

0.006

Aβ_N-42 (pg/ml)

31

[23-40]

29

[24-36]

0.65

Aβ_N-40 (pg/ml)

222

[167-276]

178

[146-220]

0.02

Ratio Aβ _N-42/40

0.15

[0.12-0.17]

0.17

[0.14-0.19]

0.04

Ratio Aβ_1-42/N-42

1.26

[1.03-1.34]

1.29

[1.10-1.40]

0.48

Ratio Aβ_1-40/N-40

0.78

[0.69-0.85]

0.80

[0.73-0.92]

0.28