Table 1 Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes

Age (years)

40.5 ± 13.0

40.8 ± 12.8

0.940

Gender (male/female)

19/7

21/5

0.510

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.3 ± 1.1

22.3 ± 1.4

0.841

Glasgow Coma Scale

6.31 ± 1.01

6.42 ± 1.03

0.689

Blood glucose (mmol/l)

8.0 ± 1.1

7.9 ± 1.5

0.830

Patients using pantoprazole

20 (76.9%)

19 (73.1%)

0.749

Patients receiving MV < 48 hours

15 (57.7%)

16 (61.5)

0.777

Patients receiving MV ≥ 48 hours

1 (3.8%)

3 (11.5%)

0.574

APACHE II score

   Day 1

14.8 ± 3.6

14.3 ± 3.6

0.645

   Day 4

14.2 ± 5.8

13.7 ± 5.5

0.753

   Day 8

11.5 ± 6.4

12.8 ± 6.5

0.497

   Day 15

9.2 ± 6.4

11.5 ± 7.9

0.305

   Day 21

8.0 ± 7.7

9.9 ± 8.5

0.368

SOFA score

   Day 1

6.5 ± 1.4

6.3 ± 1.4

0.679

   Day 4

5.7 ± 2.9

5.9 ± 2.2

0.341

   Day 8

4.6 ± 3.3

5.1 ± 2.8

0.369

   Day 15

3.7 ± 3.5

4.9 ± 4.4

0.374

   Day 21

3.5 ± 4.2

4.4 ± 4.7

0.454

Duration of antibiotic use (days)

11.9 ± 4.9

14.1 ± 6.0

0.154

Types of antibiotics (n/day)

1.3 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.7

0.021

Length of ICU stay (days)

6.8 ± 3.8

10.7 ± 7.3

0.034

28-day mortality

3 (11.5%)

5 (19.2%)

0.701