Study | Criteria | SSAKI (%) | Variable outcome |
---|---|---|---|
PROWESS [39] | Pre-infusion log IL-6, APACHE II score | 127/547 (23.2) | Hazard ratio = 1.16 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.26); P <0.001 |
 |  |  | Hazard ratio = 1.23 (95% CI = 1.09 to 1.39); P <0.001 |
NORASEPT II [54] | Plasma IL-6 | 112/537 (20) | Not significant |
 | Plasma TNFα |  | Not significant |
 | Soluble TNFα receptor type I |  | Higher in SSAKI; P <0.0001 |
 | Soluble TNFα receptor type II |  | Higher in SSAKI; P <0.0001 |
PICARD [40] | Plasma TNFα | 34/97 (35) | Higher in patients with SSAKI (P = 0.001) than those without sepsis |
 | Plasma IL-6 |  | Not significant |
Hoste and colleagues [55] | APACHE II score | 30/185 (16.2) | APACHE II score higher (P = 0.002) |
 | pH <7.35 |  | OR for developing ARF = 6.25 (95% CI = 1.92 to 20.4); P = 0.002 |
 | Serum creatinine >1 mg/dl |  | OR for developing ARF = 7.56 (95% CI = 2.16 to 26.5); P = 0.002 |
Martensson and colleagues [56] | Peak serum NGAL | 18/45 (40) | Not significant in SSAKI vs. septic shock without AKI |
 | Peak urine NGAL |  | Higher in SSAKI than septic shock without AKI (P <0.05) |
Shapiro and colleagues [43] | Emergency room plasma NGAL | 24/661 (3.6) | NGAL >150: sensitivity = 96% and specificity = 51% |
de Geus and colleagues [42] | Serum NGAL | 171/632 (27) | OR of developing ARF = 1.7 |
 | Urine NGAL |  | OR of developing ARF = 1.42 |
 | Sepsis |  | OR of developing ARF = 9.15 |