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Table 2 Patient characteristics during the entire study period, comparing lactate clearance with no lactate clearance

From: Outcome effectiveness of the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle with addition of lactate clearance as a bundle item: a multi-national evaluation

 

All patients (n= 556)

Lactate clearance (n= 331)

No lactate clearance (n= 225)

P value

Age (years)

63 (50 to 74)

61 (50 to 71)

65 (52 to 78)

<0.01

Gender

    

   Female

226 (40.6%)

133 (40.2%)

93 (41.3%)

0.79

   Male

330 (59.4%)

198 (59.8%)

132 (58.7%)

 

Septic shock

373 (67.1%)

232 (70.1%)

141 (62.7%)

0.07

APACHE II score

22 (16 to 27)

19 (14 to 25)

25 (20 to 30)

<0.01

APACHE II predicted mortality (%)

41.6 (20.4 to 59.7)

34.8 (20.4 to 56.1)

52.5 (31.5 to 72.6)

<0.01

In-hospital mortality

166 (29.9%)

68 (20.5%)

98 (43.6%)

<0.01

Primary SSC Bundle item completion

192 (34.5%)

174 (52.6%)

18 (8.0%)

<0.01

   Lactate measured

488 (87.8%)

331 (100.0%)

157 (70.4%)

<0.01

   Blood cultures before antibiotics

514 (92.4%)

313 (94.6%)

201 (89.3%)

0.02

   Antibiotics administered by 3 hours

537 (96.6%)

324 (97.9%)

213 (94.7%)

0.04

   Fluid bolus given

506 (91.0%)

310 (93.7%)

196 (87.1%)

0.01

   Achieve CVP >8 mmHg by 6 hours

319 (57.4%)

232 (70.1%)

87 (38.7%)

<0.01

   Achieve MAP >65 mmHg by 6 hours

530 (95.3%)

326 (98.5%)

204 (91.5%)

<0.01

   Achieve ScvO2 >70% by 6 hours

250 (45.0%)

213 (64.4%)

37 (16.4%)

<0.01

Care team model

    

   Team

190 (34.2%)

164 (49.6%)

26 (11.6%)

<0.01

   Nonteam

366 (65.8%)

167 (50.5%)

199 (88.4%)

 

Mechanical ventilation

295 (53.1%)

143 (43.2%)

152 (67.6%)

<0.01

Therapies in the ED

    

   Amount of fluids (ml)

1, 500 (1, 000 to 2, 550)

1, 533 (1, 000 to 3, 000)

1, 350 (850 to 2, 300)

<0.01

   Vasopressor usea

306 (55.0%)

188 (56.8%)

118 (52.4%)

0.31

   Inotrope useb

222 (39.9%)

134 (43.7%)

88 (40.6%)

0.48

   Transfusion use

21 (3.8%)

12 (3.6%)

9 (4.0%)

0.82

Therapies in the ICU

    

   Amount of fluids (ml)

6, 268 (3, 800 to 10, 200)

7, 943 (5, 200 to 11, 345)

4, 596 (3, 060 to 7, 100)

<0.01

   Vasopressor usea

383 (68.9%)

223 (67.4%)

160 (71.1%)

0.35

   Inotrope useb

251 (45.1%)

141 (44.5%)

110 (49.8%)

0.23

   Transfusion use

116 (20.9%)

65 (19.6%)

51 (22.7%)

0.39

Length of stay

    

   ED (hours)

5 (3 to 9)

4 (3 to 6)

6 (4 to 15)

<0.01

   ICU (days)

4 (2 to 8)

4 (2 to 7)

4 (1 to 9)

0.53

   Hospital (days)

9 (4 to 16)

9 (5 to 16)

9 (3 to 17)

0.07

Hemodynamics

    

   Baseline CVP (mmHg)

10 (7 to 13)

9 (7 to 12)

11 (6 to 15)

0.04

   Six-hour CVP (mmHg)

10 (8 to 14)

10 (8 to 13)

10 (7 to 15)

0.20

   Baseline MAP (mmHg)

70 (56 to 86)

66 (56 to 83)

73 (57 to 90)

0.01

   Six-hour MAP (mmHg)

78 (69 to 87)

80 (72 to 87)

73 (65 to 84)

<0.01

   Baseline ScvO2 (%)

77 (69 to 82)

78 (70 to 82)

73 (57 to 78)

0.01

   Six-hour ScvO2 (%)

77 (71 to 82)

77 (72 to 82)

72 (60 to 79)

0.01

Laboratories

    

   Lactate (mmol/l)

4.1 (2.2 to 6.3)

3.8 (1.9 to 5.8)

4.4 (3.0 to 6.9)

<0.01

   Blood culture positive

180 (32.4%)

99 (29.9%)

81 (36.0%)

0.25

   Culture positive

191 (34.4%)

103 (31.1%)

88 (39.1%)

0.05

   White blood count (103/mm3)

13.4 (6.9 to 20.4)

13.4 (7.2 to 20.2)

13.3 (6.7 to 22.0)

0.92

   Hemoglobin (g/dl)

11.6 (9.7 to 13.2)

11.5 (9.6 to 13.2)

11.6 (9.8 to 13.4)

0.80

   Platelet count (x109/l)

150.0 (68.0 to 246.0)

162.0 (70.0 to 254.0)

136.0 (67.0 to 219.0)

0.07

   International Normalized Ratio

1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)

1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)

1.5 (1.2 to 1.8)

<0.01

   Creatinine (mg/dl)

2.0 (1.3 to 3.1)

2.0 (1.2 to 2.9)

2.0 (1.4 to 3.1)

0.24

   Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

1.1 (0.7 to 2.4)

1.0 (0.6 to 2.2)

1.4 (0.7 to 3.4)

<0.01

   Albumin (g/dl)

3.0 (2.5 to 3.6)

3.1 (2.6 to 3.7)

2.8 (2.3 to 3.5)

0.01

   PaO2/FiO2 ratio

163.0 (86.0 to 320.7)

251.1 (95.0 to 391.0)

125.5 (77.0 to 217.0)

<0.01

Source of infection

   

0.13

   Pneumonia

233 (41.9%)

136 (41.1%)

97 (43.1%)

 

   Urinary tract infection

93 (16.7%)

64 (19.3%)

29 (12.9%)

 

   Intra-abdominal

108 (19.4%)

68 (20.5%)

40 (17.8%)

 

   Skin/cellulitis

33 (5.9%)

17 (5.1%)

16 (7.1%)

 

   Other/unknown

89 (16.0%)

46 (13.9%)

43 (19.1%)

 
  1. Patient characteristics during the entire study period in the lactate clearance group compared with no lactate clearance. Results reported as either the count (column %) or as the median (25th to 75th percentile). APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CVP, central venous pressure; ED, emergency department; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SSC, Surviving Sepsis Campaign; ScvO2, central venous oxygen saturation. aNorepinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine, or vasopressin. bDopamine or dobutamine.