Restrictive strategy of intraoperative fluid maintenance during optimization of oxygen delivery decreases major complications after high-risk surgery

Table 3 Therapeutic interventions and changes in perfusion variables in both groups

Variables	Conventional	Restrictive
Therapeutic intervention
Intraoperative
Operation time, minutes	228 ± 53	250 ± 60
Crystalloid, ml	4, 335 ± 1, 546	2, 301 ± 1, 064**
Colloid, ml	915 ± 559	1, 216 ± 814*
Fluid-challenged patients	42 (97.7)	44 (97.7)
Fluid challenges per patient	2.4	3.1
Positive fluid challenges	61 (58.6)	93 (65.0)
Transfused patients (RBCs)	18 (41.8)	19 (42.2)
RBCs, units	1.8 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.9
Dobutamine doses, μg/kg/minute	12.3 ± 7.3	10.9 ± 5.9
Achievers	26 (60.4)	18 (40.0)
Postoperative
Crystalloid, ml	1, 296 ± 1114	1, 145 ± 680
Colloid, ml	1, 321 ± 595	1, 210 ± 700
RBC transfusions	10 (23.2)	11 (24.4)
RBCs, units	1.7 ± 0.7	1.5 ± 0.5
Dobutamine dose, μg/kg/minute	9.5 ± 6.2	8.0 ± 4.5
Tissue perfusion
Preoperative
Serum lactate, mEq/L	1.3 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.5
S_CVO₂, %	72 ± 7	71 ± 7
pH	7.39 ± 0.05	7.41 ± 0.04
ICU admission
Serum lactate, mEq/L	2.51 ± 1.1	2.6 ± 1.2
S_CVO₂, %	72 ± 10	74 ± 10
pH	7.32 ± 0.06	7.32 ± 0.07
24 hours after ICU admission
Serum lactate, mEq/L	1.9 ± 0.8	2.0 ± 0.9
S_CVO₂, %	76 ± 8	72 ± 9*
pH	7.39 ± 0.05	7.3 5 ± 0.05
Achievers	31 (73.0)	28 (62.2)

RBC = red blood cell; S_CVO₂ = central venous oxygen saturation; SD = standard deviation. Data are presented as absolute values, n (%) or means ± SD. *P < 0.05 vs conventional group. **P < 0.01 vs conventional group.