The association of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived tissue oxygenation measurements with sepsis syndromes, organ dysfunction and mortality in emergency department patients with sepsis

Table 5 Results of multivariate logistic regression modeling for the outcomes of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥ 2 at 24 hours and in-hospital mortality in all groups^a

Parameter included	Parameter retained (Yes/No (P value))^b
	Outcomes
	SOFA ≥ 2 at 24 hours^c	In-hospital mortality
Age, years	No (0.086)	No (0.089)
Serum lactate	Yes (< 0.001)	Yes (< 0.001)
Systolic blood pressure	Yes (0.014)	No (0.571)
StO₂
Initial	Yes (0.046)	No (0.128)
Occlusion	No (0.199)	No (0.669)
Recovery	Yes (0.037)	Yes (0.003)
Multivariate model AUC (95% CI)	0.79 (0.72 to 0.87)	0.88 (0.80 to 0.95)
Log (p/(1 - p))	5.6651 + 0.5135Lactate - 0.0173SBP - 0.0529Initial - 0.2465Recovery	-1.7582 + 0.5084Lactate - 0.5271Recovery
Odds ratios (95% CI)
Serum lactate (1 mEq/L increase)	1.7 (1.2 to 2.2)	1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)
SBP (10 mmHg decrease)	1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)	NA
Initial (10% decrease)	1.7 (1.0 to 2.9)	NA
Upslope (1%/second decrease)	1.3 (1.0 to 1.6)	1.7 (1.2 to 2.4)

^aSOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; StO₂: tissue oxygen saturation; AUC: area under the curve; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; SBP: systolic blood pressure; NA: not applicable. ^bStepwise backward elimination technique used. The P value in parentheses after "Yes" is the P value in the resultant model. The P value after "No" is the P value when the eliminated parameter was included back into the final model for reevaluation after elimination. ^cFor patients in the control group in which the SOFA score at 24 hours was not measured, a SOFA score < 2 was assumed. For patients with a history of chronic renal insufficiency or end-stage renal disease, the total SOFA score used did not include the renal portion of the score.

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