From: Antibiotics in critically ill patients: a systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of β-lactams
Antibiotics | Samples | Patient demographics | Concentration ratiosb | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle and subcutaneous tissue | ||||
Meropenem | Microdialysis in subcutaneous tissue | N = 10 severe sepsis, 5 continuous infusion | Bolus 0.44 Continuous infusion 0.57 (day 2) | Roberts et al., 2009 [24] |
Imipenem | Microdialysis in muscle and subcutaneous tissue | N = 11 (6 patients) Severe sepsis | Patients | Tegeder et al., 2002 [32] |
• Muscle 0.1 | ||||
• Subcutaneous 0.14 | ||||
Volunteers | ||||
• Muscle 0.5 | ||||
• Subcutaneous 0.43 | ||||
Imipenem | Microdialysis in muscle | N = 12 (6 patients) Severe sepsis | Patients 1 Volunteers 0.97 | Dahyot et al., 2008 [33] |
Piperacillin | Microdialysis in muscle and subcutaneous tissue | N = 12 (6 patients) Septic shock | Patients | Joukhadar et al., 2001 [44] |
• Muscle 0.19 | ||||
• Subcutaneous 0.1 | ||||
Volunteers | ||||
• Muscle 0.55 | ||||
• Subcutaneous 0.31 | ||||
Piperacillin | Microdialysis in subcutaneous tissue | N = 13 Severe sepsis | Bolus 0.21 Continuous infusion 0.2 | Roberts et al., 2009 [45] |
Cefpirome | Microdialysis in muscle | N = 18 (12 patients) Severe sepsis or septic shock | Patients 0.63 Volunteers 0.83 | Joukhadar et al., 2002 [52] |
Cefpirome | Microdialysis in subcutaneous tissue | N = 18 (11 patients) Severe sepsis | Patients 0.43 Volunteers 0.79 | Sauermann et al., 2005 [51] |
Burned skin | ||||
Cefepime | Biopsy of burned area | N = 6 Burn patients | Day 3 1.52 (point concentration 3 to 5 hours after dose) | Sampol et al., 2000 [61] |
Peritoneum | ||||
Meropenem | Microdialysis in peritoneum | N = 6 Surgical peritonitis | 0.74 | Karjagin et al., 2008 [25] |
Ceftazidime | Peritoneal drainage | N = 18 Surgical peritonitis | Day 2 • Continuous infusion 0.56 | Buijk et al., 2002 [74] |
• Bolus 0.35 | ||||
Imipenem | ELF (bronchoscopy) | N = 8 Pneumonia | 0.20 (point concentration ratio 2 hours after dose) | Muller-Serieys et al., 1987 [35] |
Imipenem | Bronchial secretions (tracheal aspirate) | N = 10 Trauma patients with VAP | NR | McKindley et al., 1996 [34] |
Piperacillin | ELF (bronchoscopy) | N = 10 VAP | 0.57 (point concentration ratio 5 hours after dose) | Boselli et al., 2004 [41] |
Piperacillin | ELF (bronchoscopy) | N = 40 VAP | 0.44 (point concentration ratio 4 hours after dose) | Boselli et al., 2008 [43] |
Piperacillin | Bronchial secretions (tracheal aspirate) | N = 8 VAP | 0.36 | Jehl et al., 1994 [42] |
Cefepime | ELF (bronchoscopy) | N = 20 VAP | 1.04 (point concentration ratio) | Boselli et al., 2003 [63] |
Cefepime or ceftazidime | Bronchial secretions (tracheal aspirate) | N = 5 cefepime VAP | Cefepime < 0.02 | Klekner et al., 2006 [62] |
N = 4 ceftazidime VAP | Ceftazidime < 0.05 | |||
Ceftazidime | Bronchial secretions (tracheal aspirate) | N = 5 Pneumonia | 0.12 | Langer et al., 1991 [76] |
Ceftazidime | Bronchial secretions (tracheal aspirate) | N = 12 Nosocomial pneumonia | 0.76 | Bressolle et al., 1992 [77] |
Ceftazidime | ELF (bronchoscopy) | N = 15 VAP | 0.21 (point concentration ratio at steady state) | Boselli et al., 2004 [69] |