Table 2 Presence of risk factors in cases versus controlsa
Risk factor (days of ICU stay) | All (n = 352) n(%) | Cases (n = 88) n(%) | Controls (n = 264) n(%) | P value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (-7 to 0) | 80 (22.7) | 30 (34.1) | 50 (18.9) | 0.005 | 2.21 (1.29 to 3.79) |
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (1 to 3) | 296 (84.1) | 85 (96.6) | 211 (79.9) | < 0.001 | 7.12 (2.17 to 23.4) |
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (-7 to 3) | 298 (84.7) | 85 (96.6) | 213 (80.7) | < 0.001 | 6.74 (2.06 to 22.33) |
Central venous catheter (1 to 3) | 272 (77.3) | 81 (92) | 191 (72.3) | < 0.001 | 4.42 (1.95 to 10.02) |
Surgery (-7 to 0) | 40 (11.4) | 11 (12.5) | 29 (11) | 0.700 | 1.16 (0.55 to 2.43) |
Surgery (-7 to 3) | 224 (63.6) | 62 (70.5) | 162 (61.4) | 0.159 | 1.50 (0.89 to 2.53) |
Abdominal surgery (-7 to 3) | 92 (26.1) | 40 (45.5) | 52 (19.7) | < 0.001 | 3.40 (2.02 to 5.70) |
Immunosuppressants (-7 to 0) | 38 (10.8) | 15 (17) | 23 (8.7) | 0.045 | 2.15 (1.07 to 4.34) |
Pancreatitis (-7 to 3) | 6 (1.7) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.5) | 0.642 | 1.51 (0.27 to 8.40) |
TPN (1 to 3) | 69 (19.6) | 33 (37.5) | 36 (13.6) | < 0.001 | 3.80 (2.18 to 6.63) |
Dialysis (1 to 3) | 32 (9.1) | 10 (11.4) | 22 (8.3) | 0.396 | 1.41 (0.64 to 3.11) |
Systemic corticosteroids (-7 to 3) | 134 (38.1) | 41 (46.6) | 93 (35.2) | 0.076 | 1.60 (0.98 to 2.62) |
Diabetes | 101 (28.7) | 26 (29.5) | 75 (28.4) | 0.892 | 1.06 (0.62 to 1.80) |
Mechanical ventilation (-7 to 3) | 210 (59.7) | 56 (63.6) | 154 (58.3) | 0.413 | 1.23 (0.75 to 2.03) |
Mean APACHE II score, day 1 (± SD) | 15.9 (9.5) | 17.0 (8.8) | 15.5 (9.7) | 0.195 | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.06) |
Mean pre-ICU LOS, days (± SD) | 1.7 (0.24) | 3 (7.3) | 1.3 (3.0) | 0.036 | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.14) |