Hemodynamic monitoring and management in patients undergoing high risk surgery: a survey among North American and European anesthesiologists

Table 3 What are your indicators for volume expansion in this setting (diagnostic tools)?

	ASA Respondents (n = 209)	ESA Respondents (n = 165)
Answer Options	Response Percent	Response Percent
Blood pressure	88.5%	77.6%
Urine output	83.3%	77.0%
Clinical experience	77.5%	64.8%
Central venous pressure	70.8%	64.2%
Cardiac output	49.3%	53.3%
Pulse Pressure Variation or Systolic Pressure Variation	45.0%	55.8%
Transesophageal echocardiography	43.5%	28.5%
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure	38.8%	24.2%
Plethysmographic Waveform Variation	25.4%	25.5%
Stroke Volume Variation	19.1%	36.4%
Mixed venous saturation (ScvO2)	18.7%	21.8%
Global end diastolic volume	10.5%	17.0%
Central venous saturation (SvO2)	10.0%	34.5%

ASA, American society of anesthesiology respondents; ESA, European society of anaesthesiology respondents.

ISSN: 1364-8535