All Patients N = 72 | TCD-VS N = 12 | CI N = 6 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | RR (95% CI) | P | N (%) | RR (95% CI) | P | ||
Demographics and medical history | |||||||
Age (years) | 40 +/- 9 | 33 +/-10 | - | 0.05 | 38 +/- 13 | - | 0.98 |
Female sex | 29 (40%) | 7 (58%) | 2.1 (0.7 to 5.9) | 0.20 | 4 (67%) | 2.9 (0.6 to 15.1) | 0.22 |
Smokers | 18 (25%) | 1 (8%) | 0.3 (0.03 to 2.0) | 0.27 | 1 (17%) | 0.6 (0.07 to 4.8) | 0.99 |
Hypertension | 8 (11%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0.34 | 0 (0%) | - | 0.99 |
Diabetes | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0.99 | 0 (0%) | - | 0.99 |
Admission features | |||||||
GCS score <8 | 28 (39%) | 9 (75%) | 4.7 (1.6 to 26) | 0.001 | 5 (83%) | 7.8 (0.1 to 63) | 0.03 |
Seizure | 9 13%) | 2 (17%) | 1.4 (0.4 to 5.4) | 0.63 | 2 (33%) | 3.5 (0.7 to 16.4) | 0.16 |
Troponin elevation | 18 (25%) | 4 (33%) | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.4) | 0.48 | 1 (17%) | 0.6 (0.07 to 4.8) | 0.99 |
EKG abnormality | 2 (3%) | 1 (8%) | 3.2 (0.7 to 14) | 0.31 | 0 (0%) | - | 0.99 |
ICH | 64 (89%) | 10 (83%) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.4) | 0.61 | 4 (67%) | 0.2 (0.05 to 1.2) | 0.14 |
IVH | 54 (75%) | 10 (83%) | 1.7 (0.4 to 6.9) | 0.72 | 6 (100%) | - | 0.33 |
SAH | 32 (44%) | 7 (58%) | 1.7 (0.6 to 5.0) | 0.34 | 3 (50%) | 1.2 (0.3 to 5.8) | 0.99 |
Diffuse | 14 (19%) | 4 (33%) | 1 (17%) | ||||
Focal | 18 (25%) | 3 (25%) | - | 0.40 | 2 (33%) | - | 0.85 |
Absent | 40 (56%) | 5 (42%) | 3 (50%) | ||||
BAVM characteristics and treatment | |||||||
BAVM location | |||||||
Frontal | 25 (35%) | 5 (43%) | 4 (67%) | ||||
Temporal | 10 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
Parietal | 15 (21%) | 4 (33%) | - | 0.31 | 1 (17%) | - | 0.77 |
Occipital | 8 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
Posterior fossa | 14 (19%) | 3 (25% | 1 (17%) | ||||
Size of BAVM* | |||||||
<3 cm | 43 (63%) | 7 (58%) | 5 (83%) | ||||
3 to 6 cm | 19 (28%) | 3 (25%) | - | 0.52 | 0 (0%) | - | 0.29 |
>6 cm | 6 (8%) | 2 (17%) | 1 (17%) | ||||
Adjacent to eloquent brain * | 50 (69%) | 7 (58%) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.4) | 0.27 | 3 (50%) | 0.4 (0.07; 1.6) | 0.32 |
Deep venous drainage* | 31 (43%) | 7 (58%) | 1.7 (0.5 to 4.7) | 0.36 | 4 (67%) | 2.4 (0.5 to 12) | 0.40 |
Co-existing aneurysm* | |||||||
None | 50 (73%) | 11 (92%) | 5 (83%) | ||||
Intranidal | 8 (12%) | 1 (8%) | - | 0.99 | 1 (17%) | - | 0.99 |
Feeding vessel | 8 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
Willis | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
Surgical resection | 35 (49%) | 6 (50%) | 1.0 (0.3 to 2.8) | 0.99 | 2 (33%) | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.5) | 0.67 |
Embolization | 15 (20%) | 2 (17%) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.9) | 0.99 | 1 (17%) | 0.7 (0.1 to 5.6) | 0.99 |
Mixed | 6 (8%) | 0(0%) | to | 0.58 | 0 (0%) | - | 0.99 |
Complete treatment | 34 (47%) | 5 (42%) | 1.6 (0.5 to 4.4) | 0.53 | 3 (50%) | 1.2 (0.2 to 4.2) | 0.99 |
Early treatment | 43 (60%) | 8 (67%) | 1.4 (0.4 to 4.1) | 0.75 | 3 (50%) | 0.7 (0.1 to 3.1) | 0.67 |
ICU outcomes | |||||||
Norepinephrine | 46 (64%) | 11 (92%) | 6.2 (0.8 to 45) | 0.04 | 6 (100%) | - | 0.08 |
Intracranial hypertension | 41 (57%) | 10 (83%) | 3.7 (0.9 to 16) | 0.06 | 6 (100%) | 3.8 (0.5 to 31) | 0.22 |
Hypothermia | 15 (21%) | 4 (33%) | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.5) | 0.26 | 3 (50%) | 3.8 ( 0.8 to 17) | 0.10 |
CSF drainage | 42 (59%) | 10 (83%) | 3.5 (0.8 to 15) | 0.10 | 6 (100%) | - | 0.04 |
ICU LOS | 28 (12 to 38) | 34 (17 to 41) | - | 0.09 | 27 (14 to 36) | - | 0.74 |
ICU-free days | 6 (0 to 28) | 1 (0 to 3) | - | 0.01 | 0 (0 to 2) | - | 0.06 |
Unfavorable outcome (GOS 1-3) | 50 (69%) | 11 (92%) | 4.9 (0.7 to 35) | 0.09 | 6 (100%) | - | 0.17 |
ICU mortality | 15 (21%) | 5 (42%) | 2.7 (1.0 to 7.3) | 0.11 | 3 (50%) | 3.8 (0.8 to 17) | 0.10 |